价值链分工、劳动收入与要素质量

Value Chain Division,Labor Income and Factor Quality

价值链分工下贸易利益越来越表现为参与分工的生产要素收入。借助于MRIO模型,本文构建了基于增加值出口的要素收入分配模型对劳动收入进行了测算,利用SDA方法解析出影响劳动收入变动的要素质量因素。研究结果发现:从劳动和资本两类要素整体收益来看,中国劳动要素收入不高,要素收益更多地表现为资本收益;从单位劳动要素收入及其技能细分来看,中国与世界主要区域之间的单位劳动收入以及高技能与中低技能劳动收入之间均出现差距越来越大的现象。SDA方法分解后发现,要素质量因素成为决定国家(区域)要素收入的重要因素,同时也是国家(区域)之间要素收入差距拉大的主要因素。

Gains from international trade are measured as income of production factors under global value chain division. By using MRIO model, this paper constructs a model of income distribution based on value-added export in order to calculate labor income and decompose quality of production factors as one of the impact factors that influence labor income using SDA method. The results show that labor income of China induced from global value chain division is not high. The income gap between China and other major regions of the world is getting wider, as well as the gap of labor income between high- skilled and low-skilled labor. The results of SDA show that quality of production factor is becoming the most important impact factor of labor income.