美国对华反倾销裁决的逻辑——基于96起最终裁决判例文本的证据

Logic of US Anti-dumping Ruling against China——Based on Evidence of Final Determination Texts in 96 Anti-dumping Cases

本文以截至2016年美国国际贸易委员会(ITC)公开的全部对华96起反倾销最终裁决判例为依据,从正常价值的认定、实质性损害或威胁的认定、因果关系的认定入手,对判例英文原文的文本信息进行分析与解构,揭示美国对华反倾销裁决的逻辑。研究结果表明:中国企业一旦遭受美国反倾销调查、有很大概率被裁定为肯定性终裁,并被征收高额的普遍税率;美国将中国认定为"非市场经济国家",采取"替代国"价格确定被诉产品的正常价值,中国企业在反倾销裁决中往往遭受到不公平对待;美国国际贸易委员会对实质性损害或威胁的认定以相关企业问卷回复资料为依据,问卷回复结果与认定存在损害或威胁直接相关;美国主管机构主要依据相关因素发展变化的趋势,得出倾销与损害或威胁是否存在因果关系的结论。

Based on the final determination of all 96 anti-dumping cases against China, published by the US International Trade Commission （ITC） from 2000 to 2016, this paper starts with the identification of normal value, the identification of substantial damage or threat, and the determination of causality, and is devoted to reveal the logic of the US anti-dumping ruling against China, through analysis and deconstruction of the textual information from the original English texts. The conclusions are as follows： Once a Chinese enterprise is subject to US anti-dumping investigation, it has a high probability to suffer affirmative ruling and a high anti-dumping tax rate; The United States recognizes China as a non-market-economy country and adopts a surrogate price to determine the nor- real value of the products being sued, Chinese enterprises often suffer unfair treatment in anti-dumping investigation; The US International Trade Commission determines the substantial damage or threats based on the questionnaire responses of relevant enterprises, and the determination of damage or threat is directly correlated with the results of the questionnaires; the US authorities draw conclusions on whether there is a causal relationship between dumping and damage or threat based on the trend of the variation of the relevant factors.