2015—2016年延边朝鲜族自治州PM_(2.5)对人群呼吸系统疾病死亡影响的病例交叉分析

Effects of PM_(2.5) on death of respiratory diseases in population in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture : a case-crossover study

目的了解2015—2016年延边朝鲜族自治州PM_(2.5)水平对人群呼吸系统疾病死亡率的影响。方法收集延边朝鲜族自治州2015年1月1日—2016年12月31日期间居民死亡监测资料、大气污染物监测数据和气象数据。采用时间分层病例交叉设计分析PM_(2.5)浓度与呼吸系统疾病死亡间的暴露-反应关系。结果调整相关气象因素后,单一污染物模型中,PM_(2.5)日平均浓度每增加10μg/m^3,居民呼吸系统疾病死亡当天具有最大的OR值,为1.028(95%CI:1.026～1.030)。多污染物模型中,在分别调整了PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO及O_3后,PM_(2.5)与呼吸系统疾病死亡所对应OR值较调整前均有升高,且结果均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按季节分层分析时显示,在暖季PM_(2.5)水平与呼吸系统疾病死亡关联更强。结论 2015—2016年延边朝鲜族自治州的呼吸系统疾病死亡率增加与PM_(2.5)浓度升高有关。

Objective]To investigate the effects of PM2.5 on the mortality of respiratory diseases in the population in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture from 2015-2016.[Methods]The monitoring data of resident death,air pollution data,and meteorological data were collected in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture from January 1,2015 to December 31,2016.The time-stratified casecrossover analysis was used to evaluate the exposure-response relationship between PM2.5concentration and the death of respiratory diseases.[Results]After adjusting relevant meteorological factors,in the single pollutant model,PM2.5increased by 10μg/m^3were significantly correlated with respiratory diseases mortality for total population,the odds ratio（OR）was 1.028 （95%CI：1.026-1.030） at lag 0 day.In the multi-pollutant model,after adjusting PM10,SO2,NO2,CO and O3 respectively,the OR values were higher than those before the adjustment,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.In the stratified analysis of season,PM2.5 levels in the warm season were more associated with the death of respiratory diseases.[Conclusion]The increase in the mortality of respiratory diseases from 2015-2016 was related to the increase in PM2.5 concentrations in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.