3D打印过程的职业健康危害研究进展

Research progress of occupational health hazards in 3D printing process

3D打印行业近年来发展迅速,其职业健康危害却容易被忽视。该文对3D打印不同工艺过程产生的职业病危害因素以及相关流行病学研究进展进行了综述。不同工艺、不同材料的3D打印过程产生的职业病危害因素不同,已有研究主要报道了粉尘、纳米颗粒和挥发性有机物3类因素,粉尘主要存在于选择性激光烧结(SLS)工艺过程,纳米颗粒和挥发性有机物主要存在于FDM(熔融沉积成型)工艺过程。初步的流行病学研究提示,3D打印和呼吸道疾病相关。3D打印行业各种工艺和材料层出不穷,职业病危害评估远滞后于其本身的发展速度,不管是从业人员、企业还是职业卫生监管部门都应引起重视。

The 3D printing industry has developed rapidly in recent years,and its occupational health hazards are easily overlooked. This article reviews the occupational hazards and the related epidemiological advances in the 3D printing process.Different occupational hazards caused by different processes and different materials in the 3D printing process are different. There have been three main types of dust,nano-particles,and volatile organic compounds that have been reported. Dust is mainly found in selective laser sintering（SLS）processes. And volatile organics are mainly found in the fused deposition modeling（FDM） process.Preliminary epidemiological studies suggest that 3D printing is associated with respiratory diseases. In the 3D printing industry,a variety of technologies and materials emerge one after another,but the assessment of occupational hazards lags far behind its own pace of development. Efforts should be made to pay attention to whether employees,companies,or occupational health regulatory agencies are involved.