2017年铜陵市某铁路机车配件制造企业职业病危害现状

Current situation of occupational hazards in a railway locomotive parts manufacturing enterprise in Tongling City in 2017

目的了解2017年铜陵市某铁路机车配件制造企业职业病危害现状。方法采用职业卫生现场调查和职业卫生检测等方法,对作业人员的职业病危害因素接触水平、职业病防护及职业卫生管理情况进行调查。结果企业主要危害因素有19种。造型、浇铸、浇铸天车、开箱及气刨岗位矽尘时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)达到1.10~5.97 mg/m3,超限倍数达到2.1~7.7;射芯机岗位甲醇CTWA达73.53 mg/m^3,短时间接触浓度(CSTEL)达107.80 mg/m^3;刷漆岗位苯CTWA达4.89 mg/m^3,CSTEL达14.10 mg/m3;风动砂轮和风铲的计权振动加速度分别达22.3 m/s^2和9.1 m/s2;6个高温岗位湿球黑球温度(WBGT)指数检测值达35.6~44.5℃;11个岗位噪声强度达86.4~95.9 d B(A);均超过相应职业接触限值。结论企业属于职业病危害较严重的单位,应重点控制和预防矽尘、其他粉尘、甲醛、甲醇、一氧化碳、苯、高温和噪声等职业病危害因素。

[Objective]To understand the status of occupational hazards in a railway locomotive parts manufacturing enterprise in Tongling City in 2017.[Methods]Occupational health field investigation and occupational health testing were used to investigate the occupational hazards exposure level of workers, occupational disease protection and occupational health management.[Results]Totally 19 occupational hazard factors were identified in the enterprise. The time weighted average concentration（CTWA） of silica dust in posts of molding, casting, casting overhead crane, and gouging reached 1.10-5.97 mg/m3, and the multiple limit reached 2.1-7.7. CTWAof methanol in the core ejection machine post reached 73.53 mg/m3, and the concentrationshort term expose limit（CSTEL） reached 107.80 mg/m3. CTWAof benzene in the painting post reached 4.89 mg/m3, and CSTELreached14.10 mg/m3. The weighted vibration acceleration of pneumatic grinding and chipping was 22.3 m/s2和 9.1 m/s2, respectively. The detection values of wet bulb globe temperature（WBGT） in six high temperature posts reached 35.6-44.5 ℃. The noise intensities in 11 posts reached 86.4-95.9 d B（A）. These results all exceeded the corresponding occupational exposure limits.[Conclusion]The occupational hazards in the enterprise are serious. It is necessary to prevent and control the occupational hazards such as silica dust, other dust, formaldehyde, methanol, carbon monoxide, benzene, high temperature and noise.