不同产地苦参的重金属含量测定与评价

Determination and Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Radix Sophora flavescens Ait. in Different Origins

目的测定不同产地苦参中重金属含量,对其安全性进行评价。方法:采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定全国15个产地的苦参重金属铅、镉、铜、锌含量。结果按照《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》规定(铅≤5.0 mg/kg、镉≤0.3 mg/kg、铜≤0.2 mg/kg)和《中国药典》2010年版附录中规定(锌≤20.0 mg/kg)计算,铅超标率为40.0%,镉超标率为93.34%,铜超标率为0,锌超标率为40.0%。其中,四川成都采的苦参样品铅含量最高为7.0083 mg/kg,是标准的1.40倍;云南曲靖采的苦参样品镉含量最高为0.9000 mg/kg,是标准的3.00倍;浙江杭州采的苦参样品锌含量最高为43.5500 mg/kg,是标准的2.18倍。苦参样品铅、镉、铜和锌4种重金属含量存在不同程度的相关性。运用IBM-SPSS 22统计软件对15个产地苦参重金属含量进行聚类分析,把15个产地苦参归为四大类。结论 15个产地苦参中均检测出铅、镉、铜和锌且存在显著的差异,但铜并未出现超标现象,而铅、镉、锌超标严重,尤其是镉。这为苦参药材的规范化种植,安全评价研究提供一定依据。

Objective To determine the contents of heavy metals of from different habitats, and evaluate its safety. Methods Contents of heavy metals（ Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu） in Radix Sophora flavescens Ait. from 15 different areas of China were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results According to《Green trade standards of importing medicinal plants and the preparations》（Content of Pb ≤ 5.0 mg/kg, Content of Cd≤ 0.3 mg/kg, Content of Cu ≤ 0.2 mg/kg） and 《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》 2010 Edition（Content of Zn ≤ 20.0 mg/kg）, Pb exceeded over standard rates of 40.00 %. The content of Pb was the highest in the sample from Chengdu, Sichuan province, which was 7.0083 mg/kg and 1.40 times of the standard. Cd exceeded over standard rates of 93.34 %. The content of Cd was the highest in the sample from Qujing, Yunnan province, which was 0.9000 mg/kg and 3.00 times of the standard. Zn exceeded over standard rates of 40.00 %. The content of Zn was the highest in the sample from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, which was 43.5500 mg/kg and 2.18 times of the standard.However, in 15 samples, the content of Cu was qualified.There was different degree of correlation in the content of heavy metals（ Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu） in Radix Sophora flavescens Ait.. According to Contents of heavy metals（ Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu） in Radix Sophora flavescens Ait., 15 samples were classified into four categories by using the IBM-SPSS 22 statistical software. Conclusion There were significant differences in the contents of heavy metals（ Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu） in Radix Sophora flavescens Ait. from 15 different areas of China. In addition to the content of Cu, the content of Pb, Cd, Zn exceeded seriously, especially the content of Cd. This paper could provide a certain basis for GAP and safety evaluationthe of Radix Sophora flavescens Ait..