中国少数民族特色村寨空间结构识别及影响机理研究

Spatial Structure Identification and Influence Mechanism of Ethnic Villages in China

以全国1 057个少数民族特色村寨为对象,探究民族村寨空间结构及相关影响机理。研究表明：民族村寨空间分布上呈凝聚型分布,且空间分异较为明显;核密度格局以湘黔桂交界为单核集聚中心的等级分布特征,呈＂山＂字形坐落态势;民族村寨系统分形特征显著,自组织演化中围绕武夷山、峨眉山、长白山等不同山脉地带展开,分形结构复杂;民族村寨正空间相关,冷热点区呈东西两极分化现象;地形起伏及地貌多样的中高海拔山地、主要水系及河流上游等是民族村寨内生发展基础;距离中心城市较远、高素质高技能专业人才、民族文化及民族分布等促进了民族村寨的留存和发展。

In this study, 1 057 ethnic villages in China were selected as the research objects. GIS technology and methods were used synthetically to identify the spatial structure and distribution of the ethnic villages in China. The impact relevance were discussed between ethnic villages and the topography, water system, traffic,population, culture and national agglomeration regions. The result shows that： 1） The spatial distribution of the ethnic villages in China is cohesive, and the spatial variation is obvious; 2） Kernel density distribution centers on the junction of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi for the mononuclear aggregation, and it gradually decreases around sub-centers, featured with level distribution in epsilon-type structure; 3） The ethnic villages systems have obvious no-scaling range and the fractal features are significant. In the self-organizing and self-evolving areas, geographical areas and elements such as mount Wuyi, mount Emei and Changbai mountain are expanded and the fractal structure is complex; 4） The relevance of ethnic villages has significantly positive spatial correlation and high and low spatial agglomeration. The hot and cold spots are characterized by gradient distribution from ＂hot spot-sub-hot spot-sub-cold spot-cold spot＂ from west to east with strong stability and persistence; 5） Middle and high altitude mountains with varied topography, main water systems and upper reaches of rivers are the origins where distinctive villages develop endogenously; areas which are far away from city centers, high quality and highly skilled professionals, ethnic culture and ethnic distribution promoted the retention and development of ethnic villages. The ethnic villages are the symbol and carrier of minority culture in China. In the future development process of ethnic villages, the following aspects must be paid attention to.First, it is necessary to follow the theme of rural rejuvenation and actively carry out relevant theoretical research on ethnic villages. Second, it is necessary to improve the standard of identification and appraisal in the protection of ethnic villages. Third, it is necessary to construct an ethnic village development pattern that is classified for protection and key construction. Fourth, it is necessary to construct the ＂village-culture-environment＂ three-dimensional fusion organism. At the same time, it can be further studied from the following aspects： on the one hand, it can be studied from the architectural style of the ethnic villages, their internal structural features, the evolution of time series, cultural inheritors, folk customs and other things on the micro-level.On the other hand, it can be studied from the transitional ways and digital protection measures for the modernization of ethnic villages, the specific policies and development models for targeted poverty alleviation and poverty reduction and so on.