山西省煤炭产业空间集聚过程及其驱动因素

The Spatial Agglomeration Evolution of Coal Industries and Its Driving Mechanism in Shanxi Province

基于人口普查资料中的行业门类就业数据,以山西省各县域为空间单元,采用基尼系数、集中度指数、Kriging空间插值等方法,分析1990年、2000年、2010年山西省煤炭产业空间集聚的格局特征及演变过程,并且解释其驱动机理。研究表明：山西省煤炭产业空间集聚格局变化明显,经历了由单中心点状集聚向多中心面状集聚的演变过程,且整体扩散趋势中表现出局部集聚现象。在此过程中,煤炭生产的地域功能实现了由特大城市、大城市向中小城市的空间转移;煤炭产业高度集聚的热点区呈现出均衡化发展态势,且各热点区蔓延式扩散的强度和范围表现出显著时空差异性;煤炭产业的空间集聚过程是多因素共同作用的结果,其中,资源禀赋的地域差异性、煤炭产业的路径依赖效应、资源型城镇空间演变的客观规律,交通基础设施建设的牵引作用,以及政府制度与政策的宏观调控与引导等是主要驱动因素。

The orientation of location selection of coal industry and the change of spatial agglomeration pattern are important driving forces for spatial reconstruction and functional transformation of coal resource-based areas. The spatial agglomeration of coal industry directly determines the development direction and transformation efficiency of regional spatial structure. Based on the employment data of the industry categories in the census data, this article takes Shanxi Province as the spatial unit, analyzes the pattern characteristics and evolution process of the spatial agglomeration of the coal industry in Shanxi Province in 1990, 2000 and 2010, and explains its driving mechanism with the Gini coefficient, concentration index, Kriging spatial interpolation and other methods. The conclusions show that： 1） The overall spatial distribution of the coal industry in Shanxi Province is unbalanced, and the spatial agglomeration pattern changes obviously. The evolution process from single-center point to multi-center plane agglomeration shows the change characteristics of local agglomeration and integral diffusion side by side. In this process, the old coal industry center gradually declined such as Datong, Yangquan and Taiyuan, and the new coal industry center gradually formed such as Xiaoyi, Gujiao,Jiexiu and other small and medium-sized cities. The regional function of coal production realized the spatial transfer from megacities and big cities to medium and small cities. 2） The coal industry of Shanxi Province has highly concentrated hot spot areas, and the hot spot areas present a balanced development trend. At the same time, the intensity and scope of spreading diffusion in the hot spots showed significant difference in time and space; The coal industry in Shanxi Province is mainly concentrated in cities where the proportion of employees is higher than the average, and the scale of employees at all levels presents a distribution model of location scale. The diffusion of coal industry in Shanxi Province from high level city to low level city is obvious and the spatial agglomeration pattern inclines to equalization. 3） The spatial and temporal differences of coal industry agglomeration in Shanxi Province are the outcome of combined action of multiple factors. Resource endowment is the basic reason of the coal industry spatial agglomeration, which lays the foundation for the regional difference of the coal industry agglomeration scale and spatial pattern; The path dependence effect causes the coal industry to develop from points to surfaces in space. At the same time, corresponding to the different development stages of the life cycle of coal resource-based cities, the coal industry shows the change rule of agglomeration, agglomeration and diffusion, and diffusion; The purpose of government policy implementation is to promote regional spatial reconstruction and functional transformation through regulating and guiding the spatial agglomeration of the coal industry to achieve the sustainable development of regional economy.