药用石斛育种方法研究进展

Research advances on breeding of pharmaceutical Dendrobium in China

石斛是传统的名贵中药材,具有益胃生津、滋阴清热、润肺止咳、明目强身、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等功效,被广泛应用于药品、保健食品、食品、化妆品领域。鉴于石斛具有较高的药用价值和经济价值,近年来药用石斛育种、组培与栽培技术研究得到快速发展。从种质资源多样性调查、收集保存与评价、品种杂交育种研究及诱变育种技术、倍性育种技术和基因工程育种技术在药用石斛新种质选育的应用等多个方面,介绍了国内近10多年来药用石斛资源收集保存与评价现状,杂交育种成果及利用现代生物技术育种情况等育种进展,提出了今后应加强药用石斛药材控制性质量标准研发,资源收集保存、种质资源圃的建设,充分利用传统育种和现代生物技术优势开展药用石斛育种研究等建议,并对今后工作进行了展望。

Dendrobium is a kind of traditional and precious Chinese medicinal material, which has the functions of nourishing stomach, nourishing yin and clearing heat, moistening lung and relieving cough, strengthening body, enhancing immunity, anti-tumor and anti-aging. It is widely used in the fields of medicine, health food, daily food and cosmetics. In view of the high medical and economic value of medicinal Dendrobium, breeding, tissue culture and cultivation techniques have developed rapidly. In this paper, the present situation of collection, conservation and evaluation of medicinal Dendrobium resources in China in recent ten years was introduced from the aspects of investigation of germplasm diversity, collection, conservation and evaluation, cross breeding, mutation breeding, ploidy breeding and genetic engineering breeding. The results of breeding and the progress of using modern biotechnology in breeding are summarized. It is suggested that the research and development of quality control standards for medicinal Dendrobium should be strengthened in the future, the collection and preservation of resources, germplasm bank building, and the full utilization of the advantages of traditional breeding and modern biotechnology in the research of medicinal Dendrobium breeding.