吉首市耕地土壤有机质现状及改良对策

Status and Improvement Measures of Soil Organic Matter of Cultivated Soils in Jishou

为了解吉首市耕地土壤有机质现状,针对性提出培肥与改良对策,利用吉首市测土配方施肥项目野外调查和室内分析结果,分析了吉首市耕地土壤有机质含量空间分布特征,并对不同类型土壤有机质含量进行了比较分析。结果表明:吉首市耕地土壤有机质在10.0～89.1g/kg之间,平均为20.19 g/kg,属中等水平,不同土类及区域间的土壤有机质含量差异较大,各土类耕层有机质均值由高到低分别为黄壤>黑色石灰土>水稻土>红色石灰土>红壤>紫色土;从空间分布来看,土壤有机质含量由西北方向至东南方向递减。根据不同土类可采取增施有机肥,种植绿肥,实行秸杆还田,推广测土配方施肥,兴修水利,提高排灌能力等方式培肥地力,增加土壤有机质含量。

In order to fnd out the status of organic matter of cultivated soils in Jishou and put forward countermeasures of improving soil fertility, based on the result of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation project in Jishou, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution feature of the soil organic matter content and compared the soil organic matter content in different soils by using the method of field investigation and indoor analysis. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter was ranged from 10.0 g/kg to 89.1g/kg, and the average was 20.19 g/kg, which belonged to the middle level. And there was a marked difference of soil organic matter in different soils and regions. The order from high to low of the average content of soil organic matter is followed by yellow soil, rendzina, paddy soil, terra soil, red soil, and purple soil. In addition, a decreasing trend of soil organic matter content was shown from northwest to southeast. Based on the results, this paper raised some suggestions to improve the content of soil organic matter, such as adding organic manure, straw returning, promoting soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, constructing water conservancy and improving irrigation and drainage facilities.