非遗公众活动:强化博物馆非遗传播效应的思考——以南京博物院非物质文化遗产馆为个案分析

Intangible Cultural Heritage Public Activities:Thoughts on the Enhancement of the Propagation Effects of Intangible Cultural Heritage at Museums:Case Study of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Hall of Nanjing Museum

2007年修改的《国际博物馆协会章程》将博物馆工作对象外延到非物质文化遗产,明确指出博物馆要成为保护、研究、传播、展示非遗的积极力量。南京博物院2017年度重点工作项目"非遗馆技艺类展示及民俗类展演"尝试以讲座+体验的模式,共策划举办"巧手匠心"手工技艺制作体验、"餐饮大师进南博"、"茶道寄语"茶文化、"百里异俗"民俗体验、配合节日及深度体验课程等六大专题的特色非遗公众活动220场。这些活动强调目标公众的设定、对非遗项目进馆可操作性的筛选、非遗项目内容的真实性及最终效果评估体系建立等。这些活动使我们深刻认识到:充分尊重非遗传承人的情感认知及劳动,正确地把握非遗传承人、策划者、专家三者之间的关系,加强一线工作人员的服务意识及有效纳入志愿者,是强化非遗公众活动博物馆传播效应的关键所在。而少数类别的实践成功经验可以辐射到非物质文化遗产的全类别,这对其在博物馆中的发展有裨益,可以更好地为社会教育添砖加瓦。

The ICOM Statutes revised in 2007 extended the object of museum into intangible cultural herit-age, pointing out that museum should be an active power in the protection, research, dissemination and ex-hibition of intangible cultural heritage. The key project Exhibition of Techniques and Performance of Folklorein the Intangible Cultural Heritage Hall tried to use the lecture ＋ experience mode to promote intangible cul-rural heritage at museum, such as the handicraft experience at Smart Hands and Inventive Hearts, CulinacyMasters Entering Nanjing Museum, tea culture at Tea Ceremony Words, folklore experience at DifferenceCostumes Across A Hundred Miles, and other 220 special intangible cultural heritage public activities forfestivals and in - depth experience programs. These activities emphasized on the target of public, the selec-tion of intangible cultural heritage which can be operated at museums, authenticity of intangible cultural her-itage, and establishment of the assessment of the final results, etc. We learnt from these activities the keypoints of the enhancement of the propagation effects of intangible cultural heritage public activities at muse-urns： full respect of the emotional cognition and work of the intangible cultural heritage inheritors, correctunderstanding of the relationships between intangible cultural heritage inheritors, curators and experts, en-hancement of the service of the front - line staff and the effective incorporation of volunteers. Some success-ful practice experience can be introduced for all types of intangible cultural heritage, which is conducive tothe development of intangible cultural heritage at museums, as well as to the construction of social educa- tion.