从“无边天下”到“有限疆界”——近代中国疆域形态衍变与边疆知识体系生成

From “Boundless World”to “Limited Boundary”:The Generation and Evolution of Knowledge System in Modern China's Borderland

近代中国经历了一个从王朝国家"天下主义"体系到民族国家世界体系的转型。伴随着民族国家的生成,历史上中国与周边国家之间条块状的边境地带开始逐渐缩小,最终通过界约和勘界的形式,变成了线性的近代国家边界,亦即中国疆域形态经历了由"无边天下"到"有限国家"的变迁。国家体系和边疆形态的巨变,触发了时人对边疆地位认知的变化以及由此带来的边疆知识体系的重大转变,这主要体现在两个方面:边疆地方——从作为无用之地的"石田"到"边备""御侮"的边防前沿的变化;边疆民族——从"四夷"到"国民"的话语转换。

Due to a series of Frontier crises in the late Qing Dynasty and the eaAy Republic of China, modem China experienced a transformation from the ＂cosmopolitan＂ system of dynastic state to the world system of national state. With the formation of the nation-state, the block border between China and its neighboring countries began to shrink gradually in the historical period, and eventually became a linear modem state boundary through the form of boundary treaty and demarcation. That is to say ,the form of China＇ s border experienced the change from ＂boundless woad＂ to ＂limited country＂. The great changes of state system and frontier form triggered the change of people＇ s cognition of frontier status and the great change of frontier knowledge system brought about by it. This mainly embodied in two aspects ： frontier locals and frontier ethnic people.