跨界水资源利益共享研究

Study on the Transboundary Water Resources Benefit Sharing

跨界水资源利益共享是实现跨界水资源公平合理利用的一种方式。本文系统探讨了跨界水利益共享主体与客体,利益共享的实施过程、实现条件和模式等问题。跨界水具有公共池塘资源性质,跨界水利益共享的主体是流域国,共享的利益包括防洪、发电、航运、灌溉、社会、文化等。利益共享模式主要有利益共同享有,责任共同承担;权利义务对等,利益平等分配;成本分摊,利益按比例共享;各取所需,利益公平分配;联合行动,全流域水利益共同分享等。利益共享的实现过程首先是数据和信息的共享;其次是利益的识别和评估,并对利益计算方法和分配达成共识;第三是建立机制,保障利益共享。利益共享的实现条件第一是流域国家有合作意愿;第二是合作带来利益增量,或者比单方面行动成本降低;第三是利益的分配公平合理,经得起时间的考验。

Benefit sharing on TransboundmT River is a method to address transboundmT water resources （TWR） equitable and reasonable utilization. This paper systematically discusses the subject and object, implementation process, conditions and modes of TWR benefit sharing. TWR features a kind of common pool resources （CPRs）. Its benefit sharing subjects are the riparian countries. The shared benefits include flood prevention, power generation, navigation, irrigation, society and euhure, etc. The benefit sharing modes mainly include shared benefits and responsibilities, reciprocal rights and obligations, equal benefit distribution, cost allocation, cost proportion-based benefit sharing, demand-based benefit sharing and fair distribution of benefits, and benefit sharing with joint action in the whole basin. First, the realization of benefit sharing refers to the sharing of data and information. Second, it refers to the benefit identification and evaluation, and the common understanding on the calculation and distribution of benefits. Third, it refers to the establishment of a mechanism to guarantee the benefit sharing. The conditions for realizing benefit sharing depends on, first, if the riparians are willing to cooperate with each other; second, if the cooperation can bring benefit increments or cost reduction in comparison with one-side operation; and third, if the benefit distribution is fair and reasonable and can stand the test of time.