尼泊尔水资源管理体制与中尼水利合作初步思路

Study on Water Resources Management System in Nepal and Water Resources Cooperation between China and Nepal

"山国"尼泊尔水资源与水能资源十分丰富,受自身经济技术水平所限,水资源与水能资源的开发利用有限。尼泊尔主要涉水管理机构包括灌溉部、能源部、供水与卫生部等多个部门,相关水利政策法规有1992年颁布的《水资源法》、2001年颁布的《水电开发政策》以及2003年颁布的《灌溉政策》等。尼泊尔政府2002年颁布了《水资源战略》,2005年制定并通过了旨在实施该战略的《国家水资源规划》。根据尼泊尔水资源管理基本情况,结合其经济社会发展实际需求,本文探索提出中国与尼泊尔开展水利合作的若干思路,为在尼泊尔实施"一带一路"倡议提供必要的水利支撑。

Nepal, called mountain country, is rich in water resources and hydropower resources, but there is low-level development and utilization which is limited by the technical and economic level. The water administration institutions in Nepal mainly include Ministry of liTigation, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation, etc. Some related water policies, rules and legislations are mentioned in this paper, including Water Resources Act （1992）, Hydropower Development Policy （2001） and hTigation Policy （2003）. The government of Nepal approved Water Resources Strategy in 2002. In order to implement the activities identified by the Strategy, the government approved National Water Plan in 2005. Based on the situation of water resources management in Nepal and the actual needs of its economic and social development, this paper discussed some ideas on the water resources cooperation between China and Nepal to provide support and guarantee of water resources for the realizing of One Belt and One Road Initiative in Nepal.