民间借贷转诉不当得利的司法应对与立法完善

Judicial Response and Legislation Improvement to Private Lending Litigation Converting to Unjust Enrichment Proceedings

近几年,不当得利案件激增,发展出许多新类型,其中当事人民间借贷败诉后,就同一款项转而诉诸不当得利的"转诉"情形占比较大,争议较多。一方面,司法实践中,法院处理此类案件态度不一,形成诸多困扰;另一方面,当事人不当转诉造成很多负面影响,引发不当得利之诉泛滥化。对此,应明确法院对转诉的应持态度和转诉的必要规制。首先应当明确,转诉有其内在正当性,但以"有限性"为必要条件;另外,针对不当转诉行为,需通过明确转诉范围及举证责任加以必要规制;最后,设立预备合并之诉制度,以主位之诉附带备位之诉,将争议纳入同一程序,通过程序构建实现诉讼经济与实质正义的平衡。

In recent years,cases of unjust enrichment have soared and developed many new types After the private lending litigation lost,the case of ＂conversion＂ that resort to unjust enrichment on the same money accounted for a large proportion and was disputed.On the one hand,in the judicial practice,the courts have different attitudes toward and deal with such cases;on the other hand,the improper transfer has many negative effects,causing the proliferation of unjust enrichment.In this regard,the court should clarify the attitude and the necessary regulatory to conversion.First of should be clear that the transfer has its inherent legitimacy,but ＂limited＂ as a necessary conditi al on ,it In addition,for undocumented transfer,need to clear the scope of the transfer and the burden of proof regulation;Finally,establishing the merger complaint System,with the form of the first bit and the second bit of the complaint,different disputes will be included in the same procedure to solve,through procedural construction to achieve litigation economy and the balance of substantive justice