传染病医院护理人员针刺伤的调查

Investigation on needle injury of nursing staffs in infectious disease hospital

目的探讨传染病医院护理人员针刺伤的流行病学、职业危险因素及相应的防护措施。方法对该院护理人员进行回顾性问卷调查，问卷内容涉及个人资料和发生暴露的情况等。结果共发放1302份调查问卷，回收有效问卷1276份，有效回收率为98．00％。62名护理人员报告出现过针刺伤，针刺伤发生率为4．80％。针刺伤发生率由高到低依次为护士、护师、主管护师，副主任护师和主任护师的针刺伤发生率均为O。针刺伤暴露病种最常见的前三位是HIV、HIV合并HBV及HBV；针刺伤发生操作环节主要是重套针帽、毁形浸泡和收废弃针。96．80％的护理人员掌握或大概了解了针刺伤后的伤口处理流程，仅有3．20％的护理人员不知道被刺伤后该如何处理伤口。结论传染病医院护理人员针刺伤的发生率较低，应加强针刺伤的预防干预和暴露后处理的知识培训，进一步维护护理人员的职业安全。

Objective To explore the epidemiology, occupational risk factors and corresponding protective measures of needle stick injury of nursing staffs in infectious disease hospital. Methods A retrospective questionnaire was conducted on nurses in an infectious diseases hospital, which involved personal information and exposure. Results A total of 1 302 questionnaires were distributed and 1 276 valid questionnaires were effectivity collected. The effective recovery rate was 98.00%. There were 62 nurses reported puncture injury, and the puncture injury rate was 4. 80%. The incidence of puncture injury from high to low followed by primary nurses, senior nurses, supervisor nurses. The incidences of puncture injury in deputy chief nurses and chief nurses were 0. The top three diseases caused by puncture injury exposure were HIV, HIV coinfected with HBV and HBV. The most common conditions of puncture injury expo- sure were recapping needles, disfigurement and immersion and abandoning needles 96. 80% of the caregivers knew or understood about the wound treatment process after puncture, and only 3.20% did not know how to deal with the wound after being stabbed. Conclusion .The incidence of puncture injury in nurses of infectious diseases hospitals is low. Knowledge training of puncture injury prevention and post-exposure treatment should be strengthened to further protect the occupational safety of nurses.