主体向生存世界的回归--《论反讽概念》中的存在论启示

Irony and Existence: An Analysis on Existentialism via S?ren Kierkegaard's Subjective Critique in “Concept of Irony”

"反讽"(Irony)一直是西方思想界的重要概念。丹麦思想家、诗人克尔凯郭尔在其博士论文《论反讽概念——以苏格拉底为主线》中,对浪漫派反讽、苏格拉底反讽展开了讨论。克尔凯郭尔从反讽的中心环节——主观性问题出发,考察了反讽理论中主体与现实世界之间不同的连接方式,并进一步提出要用"被掌握的反讽"作为直观世界的手段。在这个过程中,克氏原先与黑格尔一脉相承的主观性批判发生了"存在主义式"的转向,并触及到了生存与思辨的关系、主体如何认识并融入世界等核心问题。本文试图追踪这一系列过程,以揭示克尔凯郭尔反讽批评背后的真正诉求。

The concept of irony has been one of the most essential terms in the history of western ideology. In his doctoral thesis On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates （ Danish ： Om Begrebet Ironi rned stadigt Hensyn til Socrates）, the Danish phi- losopher Soren Kierkegaard offers an analysis on Socratic irony and the Romantic irony. Starting with the highlighted questions around subjectivity and selfhood, Kierkegaard exam- ines the different ways in which the subject is connected to the realm of actuality, and thus proposes the ＂irony as a controlled element＂ this process, Kierkegaard＇s investigation into as a way to view the concrete reality. During subjectivity that once derives from Hegel has already been transformed into an ＂existentialist＂ one, which in a further step extends to some central questions such as the relation between human＇s existence and the philosophical speculation, and how the individual is supposed to understand and enter the world. These questions also have revealed Kierkegaad＇s real concern behind the irony critique.