“资源”作为一个历史的概念

“Resource” as a Historical Concept

环境是人类生命活动场域,资源是社会生存发展基础,开发自然资源、谋取资生物品和增加物质财富,是人类与自然交往的基本内容和主要目的。同"环境"一样,"资源"乃是一个历史的概念,内涵和外延伴随着人与自然关系拓展和加深而不断丰富和复杂化;各种自然事物作为人类生存条件和劳动对象不断被"资源化"的过程,乃是人与自然关系历史演变的一条主线,因而必须成为环境史研究的骨干课题和思想焦点。相关问题错综复杂,充满矛盾悖论,对环境史学价值判断构成了严重理论挑战。可以肯定的是:罔顾自然事物的其他价值特别是生命和生态系统价值,一味追逐短期经济利益,恣意放纵资本利润嗜欲,把大自然过度"资源化""商品化",不加节制地挥霍利用,是环境史研究者必须给予严厉批判的错误思想和恶劣行为。

Environment is the field for anthropogenic activities.Natural resource is the basis for development and survival of human society.The basic component and purpose that human interact with natural world is to seek for survival resources and to increase material wealth.Just like the word environment,resource is also a historical concept whose connotation and extension becomes richer and more complicated as the human-nature relationship is expanding.The＂Resource-lization＂process of various kinds of natural substance to serve as survival condition and object of labor of human beings.It is one of the theme of human-nature relationship evolution and must be taken as core and focus subject in environmental history studies.Issues related with this problem are complicated and paradoxical,which pose serious theoretical challenges to the value judgment of environmental history.It is sure that seeking for short-term economic benefits,indulging in capital profits,making excessive natural resource utilization and commercialization and splurging resources without moderation,and completely disregarding other values of natural substance especially the value to life and ecosystem,are the foul behaviors and erroneous ideas that should be strictly criticized by environmental historians.