会昌毁佛前后唐代地方州府佛教官寺的分布与变迁

The distribution and its changes of Buddhist state monasteries before and after the Buddhism abrogating policy of Tang Wuzong

唐武宗会昌毁佛前夕,唐代多数地方州府呈现龙兴寺和开元寺并存的局面,少数州府为大云寺、龙兴寺和开元寺同时并存,只有沙州、柳州等个别州府呈现高宗官寺、大云寺、龙兴寺和开元寺(唐代先后设立的四所佛教官寺)同时并存的分布态势。在唐武宗拆寺毁佛的过程中,武宗最终敕许诸节度使、观察使治所及战略要地同、华、商、汝四州合计50州府各保留寺院一所,这些准敕保留的50所寺院应即各州之开元官寺。在宣宗恢复佛教的过程中,上述50州府之外的多数地方州府的开元官寺均得以及时恢复重建,并迅速成为各州佛教复兴开始的标志。这些保留未毁和迅速得到重建的开元官寺,实际上构成了唐代全国佛教复兴的重要基础和推动力量。

On the eve of the Buddhism abrogating policy of Tang Wuzong（唐 武 宗）,the Longxing（龙兴）and Kaiyuan（开元）state monasteries coexisted in most of the prefectures of Tang Dynasty;while the Dayun（大 云）,Longxing and Kaiyuan state monasteries coexisted in few prefectures;only one or two prefectures presented a coexistence of the four Buddhist state monasteries,including Tang gaozong＇s（高宗官寺）,Dayun,Longxing and Kaiyuan state monasteries.In the process of abrogating Buddhism and demolishing temples of Tang Wuzong,only the capital cities of Jiedushi（节 度 使）and Guanchashi（观 察 使）,as well as the four strategically important prefectures Tong（同）,Hua（华）,Shang（商）,Ru（汝）that were respectively allowed to preserve a Buddhist monastery under the final edict by Tang Wuzong.All the 50 preserved Buddhist monasteries should be the Kaiyuan Buddhist state monasteries of each prefecture.In the process of Buddhist recovery of Tang xuanzong（唐宣 宗）,the other Kaiyuan state monasteries were rebuilt soon after,and then became the symbol of Buddhist revival.And all the Kaiyuan state monasteries both in the 50 preserved prefectures and others together actually make up the important foundation and driving force of the Buddhist revival of Tang dynasty.