一种熏蒸杀虫效果评价方法的研究

An evaluating method of fumigation insecticidal effect

目的探讨一种有效、直接的熏蒸杀虫效果评价方法。方法在实验室对白纹伊蚊成虫及卵、家蝇成虫及蛹、美洲大蠊成虫及卵荚进行硫酰氟熏蒸处理,观察成虫反应及虫卵或蛹的孵化情况,运用卡方检验和趋势面回归模型分析试验数据,并通过现场实验验证。结果美洲大蠊卵荚与白纹伊蚊成虫、家蝇成虫、蝇蛹及美洲大蠊成虫的死亡率均差异极显著(χ2=28. 748,P <0. 000 1),其他各虫样之间差异均不显著,除卵荚外,其他虫样均100%杀灭,卵荚对硫酰氟的耐受性最大;以卵荚的熏蒸剂量(x1)、时间(x2)两个因素及引起的卵荚杀灭率(z)进行分析,趋势面模型拟合方程式为z=0. 237+0. 022x1-0. 03x2-0. 000 19x12+0. 000 71x1x2+0. 001 3x22,模型有统计学意义(F=26. 776,P <0. 000 1),判定系数为R2=0. 918;以该模型预测所得的硫酰氟熏蒸杀灭卵荚的剂量与作用时间为依据进行现场验证实验,杀灭率达100%。结论根据本次研究筛选出美洲大蠊卵荚作为熏蒸杀虫效果评价的指示虫卵,指导口岸有效开展集装箱熏蒸杀虫效果评价工作。

Objective To establish an evaluating method for fumigation insecticidal effect. Methods Adults and eggs of Aedes albopictus,adults and pupae of Musca domestic,adults and the oothecas of Periplaneta americana were separated into different groups in the laboratory. Sulfuryl fluoride was used to fumigate them and then observed their reaction and hatching situation. All the experimental data were fitted by chi-square test and the trend surface model,and verified by field experiment. Results The mortality of the oothecas of the Periplaneta americana,adults of Aedes albopictus,adults and pupae of Musca domestia and adults of Periplaneta americana were significantly different（ χ2=28. 748,P〈0. 000 1）,and the mortality among the other insects were not significantly different. Except for the oothecas,the mortality of the other insects were 100%,and the oothecas were most tolerant to the sulfuryl fluoride. The two factors of the fumigation dose（ x1）,time（ x2） and the kill ratio of oothecas（ z） were used to fit the trend surface model,and the equation was z = 0. 237 ＋ 0. 022 x1-0. 03 x2-0. 000 19 x12＋ 0. 000 71 x1 x2＋ 0. 001 3 x22,the trend surface model showed statistical significance（ F = 26. 776,P〈0. 000 1）,and the coefficient of determination was R2= 0. 918. The kill ratio was 100% based on the predicted dose-time model of Blattaria＇s ootheca fumigated by sulfuryl fluoride. Conclusion According to this study,the ootheca of Periplaneta americana was screened as an indicator of fumigation insecticidal effect evaluation. And it can guide the port to carry out fumigation insecticidal effect evaluation of containers more effectively.