攀枝花市2012—2016年病媒生物监测分析

Vector surveillance in Panzhihua City from 2012 to 2016

目的分析攀枝花市2012—2016年城区病媒生物种群构成、密度及其变化趋势,为病媒生物防治提供理论依据。方法依据四川省病媒生物监测实施方案,成蚊密度采用灯诱法,蝇类密度采用笼诱法,鼠类密度采用夹夜法,蟑螂密度采用粘捕法。结果蚊类1科4属5种,总密度为0. 30只/(灯·h),致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,占捕获总数的67. 11%,以公园蚊密度最高,达0. 44只/(灯·h),4—9月为密度高峰期;蝇类3科6属9种,总密度为0. 89只/笼,家蝇为优势蝇种,占捕获总数的69. 86%,以农贸市场蝇密度最高,达1. 66只/笼,6—8月为密度高峰期;鼠类1科2属3种,总密度为0. 53%,小家鼠为优势种,占捕获总数的67. 01%,以食品餐饮业鼠密度最高,达0. 85%,7—9月为密度高峰期;蟑螂1科2属3种,总密度为0. 41只/张,德国小蠊为优势种,占捕获总数的83. 88%,以农贸市场蟑螂密度最高,达0. 74只/张,7—9月为密度高峰期。结论通过2012—2016年监测数据分析,基本掌握了攀枝花市城区病媒生物种群结构动态变化及季节消长规律,防治工作仍需以环境治理为基础,采取综合防治措施。

Objective To analyze the species compositions,densities and seasonal dynamics of vectors in Panzhihua City from 2012 to 2016,and provide scientific and technical support for the prevention and control of vectors. Methods Light traps,cage traps,roach pastes and night traps were respectively used to capture mosquitoes,flies,cockroaches and rodents. Results Mosquitoes captured belonged to 1 order,4 families,5 species,and the average density was0. 30 insects per lamp per hour,peaked from April to September. The dominant species was Culex quinquefasciatus,accounting for 67. 11% of the total. The highest mosquito density took place in the park,up to 0. 44 insects per lamp per hour. Flies captured belonged to 3 orders,6 families,9 species. The average density was 0. 89 insects per cage,peaked from June to August. Musca domestica was the dominant species,accounting for 67. 11% of the total. The farmers market held the highest fly density,up to 1. 66 insects per cage. Rodents captured belonged to 1 order,2 families,3 species,and the average density was 0. 53%. The density peak appeared from July to September. Rattus was a dominant species,accounting for 67. 01% of the total. The food services held the highest density of rodents,up to0. 85%. Cockroaches captured belonged to 1 order,2 families,3 species. The average density was 0. 41 insects per paste,peaked from July to September. Blattella germanica was the dominant species,accounting for 67. 01% of the total. The highest density of cockroaches occurred in the farmers market,up to 0. 74 insects per paste. Conclusion The population composition and seasonal fluctuation of primary vectors in Panzhihua City are clarified. The prevention work still needs to give priority with environmental governance and take comprehensive control measures.