东方蜜蜂与西方蜜蜂采集专一性比较研究

Comparative studies on collection specificity between Apis cerana and Apis mellifera

昆虫是虫媒植物的授粉主体,其中蜜蜂是最理想的传粉者。东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)和西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)是我国虫媒植物的主要传粉者,由于原产地不同,它们对生态条件和蜜粉源状况的适应性也不同,所以在对植物花粉采集利用方面也存在差异。本研究在缺蜜期通过观察蜜蜂采集的花粉种类,来分析比较东方蜜蜂与西方蜜蜂对同域开花植物的采集专一性。结果显示:在缺蜜期,(1)西方蜜蜂的采集专一性仍高于东方蜜蜂,而同种蜜蜂不同蜂群之间的采集专一性差异不大;(2)西方蜜蜂利用蜜源植物种类相对较少,而东方蜜蜂更善于利用多种零星蜜源;(3)东方蜜蜂的采集生态位和西方蜜蜂有部分重叠。

Insects are the pollinators of pollinated plants, and honeybees are the most ideal pollinators. Apis cerana and Apis mellifera are the main pollinators of insect vectors in China. Because of their different origins, their adaptability to ecological conditions and nectar/pollen sources is also different. So there are differences in the collection and utilization of plant pollen. This study compared the collection specificity between Apis cerana and Apis mellifera to a variety of plants by observing the species of pollen collected by honeybees under the same field with flowering plants. The results showed that in the absence of nectar/pollen, the collecting specificity of Apis mellifera was still higher than that of Apis cerana, but there was no significant difference between different colonies of the same bee species, and the quantity of nectar plant species used by Apis mellifera was relatively small, while Apis cerana was better at using a variety of scattered nectar sources. What＇s more, the collecting niche ofApis cerana is partially overlapped with that ofApis mellifera.