美国军民融合发展的体制与政策研究

Research on the Systems and Policies of the Military and Civilian Integration in the United States

美国军民融合发展经历了四个不同阶段，即二战后期开始的大规模军转民、朝鲜战争后的转产与调整、越南战争后的转产、冷战结束后的军民一体化。美国军民融合发展的体制与政策特点是：高度开放的国防生产体系；鼓励民间力量参与国防生产科研；采用商业惯例、规范和标准；促进国防科技的民用化；尊重和保护私营企业的智力成果；优先发展军民两用技术。美国军民融合发展对我国的启示是：需要建立包容开放的国防科研生产体系；强调通用的标准和规范，发展军民两用技术；遵循市场规律，探索采用市场经济方式。

The military and civilian integration development in the United States has four different stages.the large scale military civilian transition since the late second World War, the transformation and adjustment after the Korean War,the conversion after Vietnam War and the military and civilian integration after the Cold War. The characteristics of the military and civilian integration development in the United States are summarized such as .a highly open defense production system ;encouraging civilian forces to participate in defense production and scientific research ; actively adopting commercial practices, norms and standards ; prorooting the civilian use of defense technology ;respecting and protecting the intellectual achievements of private enterprises;giving priority to the development of dual use technology. We can gain some enlightenments.an inclusive and open system of defense research and production must be established; general standards and norms must be emphasized and dual use technology must be developed;market laws must be followed and market economy must be adopted.