从国际到苏区:中共党团再探

From International to Soviet Areas:Further Exploration of the Party Group of the CPC

党团制度原本是西方议会政治和政党政治的产物,经过苏俄的改造后传入中国。中共在革命的实践中发展了党团制度,形成了"一党党团产生于另一党之中且以获取另一党的领导权为目标"这一新的党团生成路径,并通过党团秘密掌控革命的领导权。开辟苏区以后,中共成为苏区唯一的、公开的执政党,如何处理这一新条件下的党政关系,对中共党团制度提出了新挑战。中共希望通过党团作用,既能加强党对非党组织的领导,又能维护非党组织的独立自主。在这一目标的指导下,苏区党团融合国际党团的许多经验,形成了自身特色。但在实践过程中,则由于对中共、党团成员和苏维埃成员的要求都很高而难以达到中共预期。以国际到苏区的党团演变史为视角,有助于我们更好地把握中共苏区党团制度的地位与特点。

The system of Party Group was originally the product of parliamentary politics and party politics in the West,and introduced into China after the transformation of Soviet Russia. The Communist Party of China developed the Party Group in the practice of revolution and formed the new way to form the Party Group： ＂ One party group comes from another party and aims at obtaining the leadership of the other party＂,and controlled the leadership of the revolution through the party group. After setting up the Soviet areas,the CPC became the only openly ruling party in the Soviet Union. How to deal with the relationship between the party and the government under this new condition has posed new challenges to the system of the Party Group. The CPC hoped that through the role of the Party group,it can not only strengthen the Party＇s leadership over non-Party organizations,but also safeguard its independence and autonomy. Under the guidance of this goal,the Communist Party of the Soviet Union has fused many experiences of the international party group,and formed its own characteristics. But in the process of practice,it was difficult to meet the expectations of the Communist Party because of the high demands on the Communist Party,members of the Party and the League and the Soviet Union. From the perspective of the evolution history of the Party Group from the international to the Soviet area,we can better grasp the status and characteristics of the Party Group system in the Soviet area of the Communist Party of China.