耕者有田的方法与话语:是土地改革还是土地革命?

Methods and Discourses of "Land to the Tillers" :Land Reform or Agrarian Revolution?

收购分配土地是"土地改革",而没收分配土地则是"土地革命",两者内涵实有不同。1944-1946年,中共认为新民主主义阶段实行的耕者有田政策为收购分配的"土地改革",而非没收分配的"土地革命"。然而之后中共的土地政策变为没收分配,但依旧称之为"土地改革"并禁止使用"土地革命"这一用语,其目的和意义何在?本文通过分析"改革"与"革命"的概念以及国共两党的土地政策演变,辨析二战后中共实行的耕者有田政策实为"土地革命",而且这成为了促使新民主主义阶段提早终结的最重要内因之一。

Purchasing and distributing land was a ＂ land reform＂ while confiscating and distributing land was an ＂ agrarian revolution＂,which have different connotations. During 1944-1946,the Communist Party of China declared that the ＂ land to the tillers＂ in the New Democracy stage should not be the land revolution by confiscation but should be the land reform by purchase. Thereafter,the CPC＇s policy was changed to confiscation of land,but the CPC still called it ＂ land reform＂ and prohibited the term ＂ agrarian revolution＂. What is its purpose and significance？ By analyzing the concepts of ＂ reform＂ and ＂ revolution＂ and the evolution of the land policy of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China,this paper argues that the policy of ＂ land to the tillers＂ implemented by the Communist Party of China after World War II was actually ＂ agrarian revolution＂. Moreover,it has become one of the most important internal factors to promote the early termination of stage of New Democracy.