股权赠与下股东优先购买权适用问题之探讨

Discussion on the Application of Shareholder's Right of First Refusal in the Case of Equity Donation

2017年9月1日开始实施的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(四)》对有限责任公司股东的优先购买权进行了较为详细的规定,但是对于股权赠与情形下股东是否享有优先购买权的问题仍然未作规定。由于股权赠与具有无偿性,与股权的有偿转让不同,其特殊性使得优先购买权制度无法在股权赠与的情况下适用。可以从股东同意制度、约定限制制度入手,对该情形下的股权转让进行合理限制,以保证有限责任公司的人合性。此外,亦可从股权二分论理论出发,将股权的身份权与财产权分开进行转让,达到有限责任公司人合性和资合性的有机统一。

On September 1, 2017, the implemented “Supreme People s Court s Provisions on Certain Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of the People s Republic of China （4）”provides more detailed provisions for the right of first refusal of shareholders of limited liability companies, but there is still no provision for the question of whether shareholders have the right of first refusal under circumstances of equity donation. Because the equity donation has a gratuitous nature and is different from the paid transfer of the equity, its special nature makes it impossible for the preferential right-to-buy system to be applied in the case of a equity donation. From the shareholders approval system and the stipulated limitation system, we can reasonably limit the equity transfer under this situation so as to ensure the human alignment of the limited liability company. In addition, from the perspective of equity dichotomy theory, the ownership rights and property rights can be transferred separately to achieve the organic unity of the limited liability company s humanity and assets.