不同种源掌叶木果实和种子表型性状多样性分析及综合评价

Diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation on phenotypic traits of fruit and seed of Handeliodendron bodinieri from different provenances

以广西乐业、广西田林、广西凤山、广西环江和贵州独山5个种源掌叶木[Handeliodendron bodinieri (Lévl.)Rehd.]为研究对象,对各种源果实和种子的11个表型性状进行了多样性分析,对表型性状间及其与地理-气候因子进行了相关性分析,并对各种源进行了聚类分析;在表型性状主成分分析基础上,对各种源进行了综合评价。结果表明:各种源间的单果质量差异不显著,果形系数差异显著(P<0. 05),其余9个表型性状差异极显著(P<0. 01);全部表型性状的种源间变异系数平均值(10. 74%)大于种源内变异系数平均值的均值(6. 86%);总体来看,种子表型性状的种源重复力较高。果实直径与果实长度、单种子质量与单果质量、单种子质量与种子直径均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0. 913、0. 927和0. 952;种子千粒质量与种子长度呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0. 960;各表型性状与纬度、经度和年均降水量的相关性均不显著,其中,果实直径、单果质量、种子长度、种子直径、单种子质量、种子含水量和种子千粒质量与年均降水量均呈负相关。聚类分析结果表明:5个种源被分成3组,其中,广西田林和广西凤山2个种源各自单独聚为一组,其余3个种源聚为一组。主成分分析结果表明:前3个主成分的特征值均大于1,累计贡献率为92. 28%,种子千粒质量、种子长度、种子出仁率、种形系数、种子含水量和单种子质量的权重系数均较大。供试种源中,广西凤山种源的综合得分最高,广西田林种源的综合得分最低。研究结果显示:掌叶木果实和种子的表型性状变异丰富,并以种源间变异为主,且具有随机变异的特点;种子表型性状是评价掌叶木种源的主要指标,且广西凤山种源掌叶木的表型性状最优。

Taking five provenances of Handeliodendron bodinieri （ Lévl.） Rehd. from Leye of Guangxi,Tianlin of Guangxi, Fengshan of Guangxi, Huanjiang of Guangxi, and Dushan of Guizhou as research objects, diversity analysis of eleven phenotypic traits of fruit and seed from different provenances was carried out, correlation analysis among phenotypic traits and between them and geographic.climatic factors were conducted, and cluster analysis of different provenances was performed; on the basis of principal component analysis of phenotypic traits, comprehensive evaluation of different provenances was conducted. The results show that the difference in weight per fruit among different provenances is not significant, that in coefficient of fruit form is significant （P〈0. 05）, and that in other nine phenotypic traits is extremely significant （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Average （ 10. 74%） of coefficient of variation among provenances of all phenotypic traits is greater than average （ 6. 86%） of that within provenance. In general, provenance repeatability of phenotypic traits of seed is relatively high. There are significant positive correlations between fruit diameter and fruit length, weight per seed and weight per fruit, and weight per seed and seed diameter, with correlation coefficients of 0. 913, 0. 927, and 0. 952,respectively. There is an extremely significantly positive correlation between 1 000.grain weight of seed and seed length, with correlation coefficient of 0. 960. There is no significant correlation of each phenotypic trait with latitude, longitude, and annual mean precipitation, in which, there are negative correlations of fruit diameter, weight per fruit, seed length, seed diameter, weight per seed, moisture content in seed, and 1 000.grain weight of seed with annual mean precipitation. The cluster analysisresult shows that five provenances are clustered into three groups, in which, two provenances from Tianlinof Guangxi and Fengshan of Guangxi are independently clustered into one group, and other three provenances are clustered into one group. The principal component analysis result shows that eigenvaluesof the first three principal components are all greater than 1, their cumulative contribution rate is 92. 28%, and weight coefficients of 1 000.grain weight of seed, seed length, seed kernel rate, coefficientof seed form, moisture content in seed, and weight per seed are relatively big. Among tested provenances, the comprehensive score of provenance from Fengshan of Guangxi is the highest, while that of provenance from Tianlin of Guangxi is the lowest. It is suggested that the variation of phenotypic traits of fruit and seed of H. bodinieri is rich, which is mainly among provenances, and has a random variationtrait. Phenotypic traits of seed are main indexes for evaluating provenances of H. bodinieri, and phenotypic traits of from Fengshan of Guangxi provenance are the best.