东北满族民俗文化的历史变迁及原因分析

Analysis of the Historical Transformations of Manchu's Folk Culture and the Causes in Northeast China

文化是不同历史阶段创造与融合的产物,不同区域的地理特征会形成截然不同的文化形态。东北地区地理特征鲜明,历史发展悠久,满族民俗文化形成经历了漫长的历史时期,在不断改变与融合中,满族民俗不断丰富,形成自身特色。在吸收兼蓄的过程中,满族民俗文化也对其他民族的文化发展产生了重大影响。东北满族民俗文化包括服饰文化、饮食文化、居住文化、出行文化、婚俗文化、丧葬文化和文体游艺文化等。由于满族曾经统治中国的特殊经历,满族文化与汉族文化高度融合,加之满族不断学习先进文化,因此民族文化趋同。同时,地域变迁促使区域文化融合;随着时代进步,传统文化逐渐流失。通过对满族民俗文化历史变迁的深入探究,挖掘满族民俗文化内涵,正确把握满族民俗文化的发展历程,对满族民俗文化的保护、传承和发展具有深远意义。

Culture is the product of creation and integration in different historical stages,and different geographical entities may result in completely different cultural formation.The typical geographical features and the long history of Northeast China have made the folk culture of Manchu ethnic group keep changing and melting so that it not only has been enriched with unique characteristics,but also exerted influences on other ethnic minorities.Manchu folk culture mainly concerns costume,cuisine,dwellings,travelling,wedding,funeral,entertainment etc.Manchu and Han have similar cultural traditions because of the national assimilation of the two having taken place during the special experience of Manchu's ruling in China as well as Manchu's strong willingness to learn advanced cultures.However,such traditional cultures are now disappearing due to the regional cultural melting with the times.Explorations of the historical transformation of Manchu folk culture and its connotations will be of great significance to the better understanding of its development,protection and inheritance.