利用外资对工业减排的助益:空间集聚效应分析

####Utilization of FDI to Benefit Industrial Emission Reduction:Analysis of Spatial Clustering Effects

中国面临资源环境瓶颈，高污染、高能耗生产模式亟待改变，研究外资技术能否助力中国工业节能减排，具有当期指导价值。通过搜集2006—2017年中国171个地级市面板数据，并通过ArcMap地理量级分布法显示工业二氧化硫排放空间特征，可以探索出运用固定效应空间杜宾模型估计外资企业（FDI）对工业二氧化硫排放减排的助益。从直观的地理空间分布量级图来看：华北、华东、东南和重庆地区二氧化硫排放量呈高度正相关集聚；二氧化硫浓度较高地区并不是外资企业聚集区，而主要集中在华北平原、重庆等内陆地区。由此可见，FDI与高浓度二氧化硫排放并无显著的相关性。通过固定效应空间杜宾模型估计结果进一步证实：在华外资工业企业减低了工业企业平均二氧化硫排放量。为验证计量结果的稳健性，利用不同所有制企业工业总产值作为FDI的工具变量，依然显示：外资企业工业总产值增量对二氧化硫污染的影响为负。实证结论支持环境库兹涅茨曲线假说，对外开放和贸易繁荣有利于中国工业技术进步，佐证技术溢出和生产工艺改良有助于减低单位产出污染排放量。

The research on whether FDI could benefit China’s industries to accomplish the target of energy-saving and emission-reducing is of great significance since China is now facing the bottleneck of how to change the highly polluting and energy-intensive production model.Based on the panel data of 171 cities during 2006-2017,the ArcMaps shows the spatial clustering characters of focused variables as follows:there was a cluster of sulfur dioxide（SO2）emissions in North,East,Southeast and Chongqing area;SO2 emissions does not highly concentrating in the areas where foreign-owned enterprises gather,but mainly in Northern China,Chongqing and other inland regions.Thus there is no obvious correlation between FDI and heavy concentration of the emissions.Empirical results analyzed through fixed-effect spatial Durbin model also show that foreign industrial enterprises have reduced the average level of SO2 emission.By adapting gross industrial output value of different ownership enterprises as tool variables,the increasing total outputs of FDI enterprises have negative influence on SO2 pollution.The conclusions in this paper support the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis:opening up and trading prosperity help to promote technological progress in China;technology spillover and craft improvement are conductive to reduce pollutant emissions per unit output.