中国东北地区国家级非物质文化遗产时空分布特征

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Features of National Intangible Cultural Heritage in Northeast China

在漫长的历史文化演进过程中,东北地区的先民们创造了丰富的非物质文化遗产。截至目前,东北地区按照不同申报单位共有196项非遗获批进入国家级非遗名录。这些遗产分布于不同的历史时期和不同的地域空间中,呈现出独特的地域文化风貌。在历史的脉络中,东北地区非遗发源于先秦,成熟于宋元,鼎盛于明清;在空间分布上,呈现出南多北少,西多东少的总体特征,集聚性和团带性特征明显,少数民族非遗在东北非遗中占据重要地位。影响东北非遗创造与传承的外在因素主要是人口迁移和民族融合,民族的群落化集聚生存则是非遗创造与传承的内在因素。

During the long historical and cultural evolution,the ancestors in Northeast China created a wealth of intangible cultural heritages.Up to now,196 items of the heritages have been approved to enter the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.Distributed in different historical periods and different geographical spaces,these heritages have shown unique regional cultural features.Historical tracks indicate that the intangible heritages in Northeast originated from preQin Dynasty,matured in Song and Yuan,and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Mapping in obvious clusters and belts,the spatial distribution displays an overall feature as more in the South and the West,less in the North and the East,and most of them left by ethnic minorities.Population migration and ethnic groups integration are the external factors that influence the creation of the intangible cultural heritages,while community aggregation and survival of the nation the internal.