进口中间品、技术溢出与企业出口产品创新

Imported intermediate inputs,technology spillover and innovation of enterprise export products

首先通过构建的理论分析框架对进口中间品、技术溢出与企业出口产品创新的作用机制进行了深入解析;然后,基于匹配的中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库,从微观企业视角,对进口中间品通过技术溢出效应影响企业出口产品创新的内在机理进行了实证检验,结果发现:全样本而言,进口中间品的水平和垂直技术溢出效应均会对企业出口产品创新具有显著的正向影响;分类来看,进口中间品的技术溢出对不同贸易模式及不同所有权性质企业出口产品创新的影响具有异质性;进口中间品的水平技术溢出有利于一般贸易模式下企业出口产品创新能力的提升,但不利于进料加工贸易型企业;垂直技术溢出则有利于一般贸易、来料加工装配贸易和进料加工贸易模式下企业出口产品创新能力的提升,但不利于其他贸易型企业;进口中间品的水平和垂直技术溢出对私营和国有企业出口产品创新均具有显著正向影响;此外,水平技术溢出还有利于中外合资企业出口产品创新能力的提升;垂直技术溢出效应对外商独资企业和中外合资企业的影响则为一正一负。

This paper firstly analyzes the mechanism of import intermediate inputs,technology spillovers and innovation of enterprise export products through theoretical framework. Then,the internal mechanism of import intermediate products affecting the innovation of export products through technology spillover effects is empirically tested from the perspective of micro-enterprise,based on the matching Chinese industrial enterprise database and customs database. The results are as follows. For the whole sample,horizontal and vertical technology spillover effects of imported intermediate inputs have a significant positive impact on innovation of export products. In terms of classification,the impact of technology spillover of imported intermediate inputs on export product innovation of enterprises with different trade models and different ownership is heterogeneous. The horizontal technology spillover of imported intermediate inputs is conducive to the improvement of the innovation ability of export products of general trade enterprises,but not conducive to that of enterprises processing imported materials. Vertical technology spillover is conducive to the improvement of the export capacity of general trade enterprises,enterprises processing materials supplied by clients and enterprises processing imported materials,but not conducive to other trading enterprises. Horizontal and vertical technology spillovers of imported intermediate inputs have a significant positive impact on export product innovation of private and state-owned enterprises. In addition,horizontal technology spillover is also conducive to the improvement of innovation capability of Sino-foreign joint ventures＇ export products. The effect of vertical technology spillover is positive on wholly foreign-owned enterprises and negative on Sino-foreign joint ventures.