中国皮革行业铬元素代谢模型分析

Assessment of chromium metabolism in Chinese leather industry

利用元素流分析方法对中国皮革行业中铬的流动和代谢过程进行剖析,构建了铬元素在制革生产过程中的分配和代谢分析模型,建立了制革生产铬元素平衡图,识别了影响铬最终分配的关键节点和参数。结果表明:在生皮-成品革加工过程中,铬元素总投加量为6. 99kg铬/t生皮,铬元素的利用率为44. 9%,铬元素耗散比例高达55. 1%。铬的耗散主要在废水中,耗散到废水中的铬占铬元素总投加量和铬总耗散量的比例分别为38. 0%和69. 0%。含铬固废是另一个主要去向,耗散到含铬固废中的铬占铬元素总投加量和铬总耗散量的比例分别为17. 1%和31. 0%。鞣制工段铬鞣剂投加比例、铬的吸收率、蓝湿革削匀修边率、湿整饰工段铬的总吸收率是影响铬元素在制革生产分配和代谢的主要因素。

The flow and metabolism of chromium in leather industry in China were analyzed by the method of substance flow analysis. The analysis model of distribution and metabolism of chromium in leather production process was established, tannery chromium balance diagram was construct, the key node and parameters that affect the final distribution of chromium were identified. The results show that the leather produced by raw hides to finish leather processed by lime splitting, chrome tanning and chrome retanning, the total chromium dosage is 6.99kg Cr/t raw hides, utiliza- tion rate is 44. 9%, chromium dissipation ratio is as high as 55.1%： Chromium dissipation is mainly in wastewater, chromium dissipated into waste water accounted for the total chromium dosage and total chromium dissipation rates are 38.0% and 69.0% respectively. Chromium containing solid waste is another major dissipation destination, chromium dissipated into chromium containing solid waste accounted for the total chromium dosage and total Chromium dissipation ratio are 17.1% and 31.0% respectively. The dosage rate and absorption rate of chrome tanning agent, wet blue leather shaving and trimming rate, as well as absorption rate of chrome in wet finishing process are the main factors influencing chromium distribution and metabolism in leather production.