“公园”词考

Textual Research on the Word of "Park"

对近现代相关文献中关于"公园"定义的研究,归纳总结公园的基本属性:公共开放性和可游玩性,以此基本属性作为判断标准,从古代和近代的文字资料中甄选出"公园"的代表性称谓词汇。以"公园"和这些称谓词汇作为关键词,检索四库全书数据库和商务印书馆的民国期刊总辑——东方杂志全文数据库。根据检索结果可以发现,"公园"一词最早在北魏已有,然其义与今完全不同,北宋时"公园"一词与现代的意思基本相同,然而并未普及通用。直到20世纪初,"公园"一词才成为特指公共园林的专属通用词汇并沿用至今。

This paper studies the definition of ＂park＂ in the literature in modern times and summarizes the basic attributes of parks： public openness and playability. With these attributes as the judging standards, this paper selects the representative appellation terms of the ＂park＂ from ancient and modern written materials. With ＂Park＂ and these appellation terms as the keywords, it also searches the Database of the Compilation of the Complete Library in Four Branches of Literature and the Eastern Miscellany which is the general collection of periodicals from the Republic of China of the Commercial Press. According to the search results, it can be found that the word ＂park＂ first existed in the Northern Wei Dynasty, with a meaning completely different from that of today. Basically the same as that in modern times, the meaning of ＂park＂ in the Northern Song Dynasty was not widely used, It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that the word ＂park＂ became the exclusive word for public gardens and has been used ever after.