理想社会单元的空间异化:从乌托邦到单位制

The Spatial Alienation of Ideal Social Unit:From Utopia to Unit Community

中国单位体制是现代城市化进程中一段重要时期的产物,对中国社会影响极为深远。通过对19世纪工业化进程所激发的乌托邦理念和空间实践进行解读,有助于正确理解单位体制的形成背景。文章从历史研究的视角出发,借鉴福柯的权力空间分析,对计划经济时期单位体制的渊源、内涵、权力空间特征进行分析。可以看到,单位体制的背后是静止稳定的竖向权力结构,有利于国家中央集权和计划经济体制的社会管理运作,但国家权力不受控制的扩大会导致这一体制和其物质空间的迅速异化。

The Chinese unit system is a product of an important period in the process of modern urbanization, and has a profound impact on Chinese society. The modern utopian concept and spatial practice inspired by the industrial progress in the 19th century are the source and background for the correct understanding of the unit system. From the perspective of history, this paper draws on Foucault＇s analysis of power space, analyzes the origin, connotation, power spatial characteristics of the unit system in the planned economy period. It can be seen that behind the unit system is a static and stable vertical power structure, which is conducive to the social management of the centralized and planned economic system of the country. However, the uncontrolled expansion of state power will lead to the rapid development of this system and its material space alienation.