传统人居环境视角下的明代浙江海防卫所建置特征探索

Study on the Characteristics of Zhejiang Coastal Defense in Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of Traditional Human Settlement Environment

明初汤和经略东南设立了一批海防卫所,不仅对明代政治、军事和社会产生了重要的影响,也是明代城市营建实践的一类重要载体。卫所城市作为准实土行政单元,以军事功能为主,兼有社会、经济、生产、文化等功能,后来逐渐演变成综合性城市。文章基于人居环境理论、地方志,解析卫所城市的营建理念与布局分布规律;通过交叉比较各个卫所的现代高清航拍地图资料,研究浙江沿海卫所的平面形态、影响其选址布局的要素与城市基本构成元素。从古人因借山水、融于山水的空间实践与价值认知中为探索卫所城市的基本布局模式奠定了基础。

In the early Ming Dynasty, Tanghe established a batch of coastal defenses in the southeastern China, which not only had an impact on the politics, military and society of the Ming Dynasty, but also was an important carrier of the urban construction practice of the Ming Dynasty. As a quasi-solid administrative land unit, they mainly performed military functions, also with social, economic, production, cultural and other functions. Later, it gradually evolved into a comprehensive city. Based on the theory of human settlements and locar chronicles, this paper analyzes the construction concept and distribution law of the garrison city, and studies the plan, the factors affecting the location and layout and the basic elements of the city by cross-comparing their modern high-definition aerial map. From the ancient people＇s practice and value cognition of borrowing mountains and rivers and blending them, the basic layout pattern was explored.