日本家用燃料电池热电联供系统商业化应用分析

Commercial Application of Household Fuel Cell CHP System in Japan

在高度重视用能效率与环境保护的今天,以燃料电池为核心的分布式热电联供系统（CHP）受到越来越多国家与地区的青睐,尤其是日本,率先推出以燃料电池为核心的CHP系统并已实现商业化应用,整体系统效率可达90%以上（低位热值）。日本从20世纪末开始进行燃料电池基础研究,到2004年前后生产出示范产品,2009年开始加速推进商业化应用,目前已形成完整的家用燃料电池系统产业链,成功为各国展示了一条清晰的发展路线。其产品高效清洁,灵活性强,并具有一定的经济效益,每年可为普通家庭节省12万日元以上的费用,日本各大公司建立的示范项目成功引起了民众的注意,政府在产品购买补贴与基础研究方面也加大投入力度,行业标准化更是保证了燃料电池热电联供系统商业化的安全稳步推进。我国对燃料电池相关的基础科学研究始于上世纪90年代,并取得了一定的成果,建立了数个千瓦级示范项目,形成了从理论研究到市场应用的产业链结构,但产品性能与国际先进水平相比还有较大差距。我国应借鉴日本的成功经验,出台相关政策引导扶持燃料电池产业发展,成立相关组织机构管理统筹,建立一定的补贴激励机制,尽早形成行业标准,使我国燃料电池产业步入正轨。

Since great importance is attached to energy efficiency and environmental pollution,the distributed combined heat and power（CHP） system with fuel cells as the core is highly valued by more and more coun-tries and regions,and its commercial application has been realized in Japan with an overall system efficiency of more than 90%（lower heating value）.Japan began its basic research on fuel cells in the end of the 20 th century,obtained demonstration products around 2004,and began to accelerate the commercial application in2009.Up to now a complete industrial chain has been formed for household fuel cell system,demonstrating a clear development path to other countries.Its products are highly efficient,clean,flexible and economically viable,saving more than 120000 yen each year for ordinary families.The demonstration projects established by major Japanese companies have successfully attracted public attention,the government has increased input in product purchase subsidies and basic research,and the industry standardization has ensured the safe and steady advancement of the commercialization of fuel cell CHP system.China began its basic research on fuel cells in the 1990 s and has achieved certain results by establishing several kilowatt demonstration projects and forming an industrial chain structure from theoretical research to market application,but in terms of product performance,there is still a big gap compared with international advanced level.China should learn from Japan′s successful experience,introduce relevant policies to guide the development of fuel cell industry,set up relevant management organizations,establish a certain subsidy incentive system and form industry standards as soon as possible,so as to put China′s fuel cell industry on the right track.