学术传承与创新——论章学诚的“文史校雠”路径及其得失

Academic Inheritance and Innovation——On Zhang Xuecheng's“Literary and historical proofreading”Path and Its Gains and Losses

章学诚"为著作之林校雠得失",以反思天下学术为己任。他以战国为节点,将天下学术区隔为"三代盛时"之"源"和"三代而后"之"流"两个不同的区间,并判分了两者"合道"之"得"与"离道"之"失"的二重境界。就得失而言,"三代而后"的现实学术有必要回归"三代盛时"的学术理想;而两者的源流性关联则提示了回归的可能性。他的"文史校雠"之学,通过《七略》"辨章学术,考镜源流"的工夫以及"皆史"之"六经"的个案性示例指陈了具体的回归路径,从而也回应了关乎"学术传承与创新"的一般理论、原则和方法等问题。

Zhang Xuecheng took it as his duty to proofread the classic works for its gains and losses.With the Warring States period as the node,he divided the academic area of the ancient China into two different sections：the＂source＂of the＂three generations of prosperity＂and the＂branch＂of the＂three generations and after＂,and drew the boundary between the ＂gains＂of＂combination＂and the＂losses＂of＂deviation＂.In terms of the gains and losses,it is necessary for the＂three generations and after＂to return to the academic ideal of the＂three generations of prosperity＂.The relevance between the two suggests the possibility of regression.His theory of＂literary and historical proofreading＂,through the effort of＂academic discrimination＂in Seven Strategies and ＂all history＂in ＂six classics＂,where the case example points out the specific regression path,thus responding to the general theory,principles and methods related to＂academic inheritance and innovation＂.