2007—2016年北京市海淀区水痘和手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella and hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Haidian District, Beijing from 2007 to 2016

目的分析2007—2016年北京市海淀区水痘及手足口病的流行病学特征,为2种传染性疾病的防控措施提供理论依据。方法基于北京市海淀区的传染病上报系统,导出2007—2016年该区水痘及手足口病的相关数据,建立Excel 2013数据库,分析10年间该2种疾病的流行病学特征。结果北京市海淀区2007—2016年共报告水痘26 616例、手足口病41 879例,年均发病率分别为79.02/10万和124.33/10万。水痘4-6月、11月—翌年1月高发,分别占总发病数的30.68%和34.57%;手足口病高发为4—8月,其中5—7月达到高峰,占总发病数的63.43%。水痘病例主要集中在城区部和城乡结合部,手足口病病例主要集中在城乡结合部,2种疾病均在乡村部发病例数最少。水痘、手足口病性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。水痘以30岁以下为主,占94.99%;手足口病以0～5岁为主,占90.32%。水痘主要集中在学生中发病,手足口病主要集中在散居儿童和托幼儿童中发病。水痘发病呈现逐年下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);手足口病发病呈现逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论北京市海淀区水痘和手足口病存在季节、地区、年龄、职业分布及发病趋势特征,应有针对性制定防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and hand-foot-and-mouth disease （HFMD） in Haidian District, Beijing from 2007 to 2016, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the prevention and con- trol measures. Methods Based on the infectious disease reporting system in Haidian District of Beijing, the data of varicella and HFMD in this area were derived from 2007 to 2016. An Excel 2013 database was established to analyze the epidemiologi- cal characteristics of the two diseases during the period of the past 10 years. Results During the period of 2007-2016, a to- tal of 26 616 varicella cases and 41 879 HFMD cases were reported in the district, with the annual average rates of 79.02/105 and 124.33/105 respectively. The high incidence of varicella occurred from April to June and from November to January of the next year, accounting for 30.68% and 34.57% of the total incidence, respectively. The high incidence of HFMD occurred from April to August, especially from May to July, accounting for 63.43% of the total incidence. The varicella cases were mainly concentrated in the urban areas and rural-urban continuum area.s, and the HFMD cases were mainly concentrated in rural-ur- ban continuum areas. The two diseases occurred least in the rural areas. The difference between the males and females was statistically significant in the incidence of varicella and HFMD （P=0.000）. Varicella mainly occurred in the persons under 30 years old （94.99%）; HFMD mainly occurred in the children of 0-5 years old （90.32%）. Among them, varicella was mainly found in the students, and HFMD was mainly found in diaspora and nursery children. The incidence of varicella showed a downward trend year by year, and the difference was statistically significant （P=O.000）; HFMD showed a rising trend year by year, and the difference was statistically significant （P=0.000）. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of varicella and HFMD show the differences in the season, area, age, occupational distribution and incidence trend in Haidian District, Beijing from 2007 to 2016, and therefore, it should be targeted to develop the prevention and control measures.