高矿化度矿井水节能脱盐新技术

New energy-saving desalination technology of highly-mineralized mine water

为了解决高矿化度矿井水脱盐的高能耗问题,围绕节能脱盐探讨了5种新技术和新思路。针对陕北某2座煤矿以二价离子为主的高矿化度矿井水水质,提出采用纳滤膜选择性截留二价离子的适度脱盐方案,相比反渗透更具节能优势;利用膜蒸馏和太阳能高效蒸发技术处理西部矿区的高矿化度矿井水,能够实现低成本净化;微生物脱盐燃料电池在不需要任何压力和驱动液情况下,将脱盐室内阴阳离子扩散转移,在完成脱盐的同时还能产生电能;纳滤+海水反渗透/碟管式反渗透(NF+SWRO/DTRO)结合双极膜组合工艺将结晶盐硫酸钠转化为高附加值的氢氧化钠和硫酸,可部分抵消水处理成本,是实现节能脱盐的新思路。

In order to solve the high energy consumption of highly-mineralized mine water desalination,this paper discusses five new technologies and new ideas around energy-saving desalination. Aiming at the characteristics of mine water quality with highly-mineralized mainly composed of divalent ions in the two coal mines in Northern Shaanxi,this paper proposes a moderate desalination scheme using nanofiltration membranes to selectively retain divalent ions,which has energy-saving advantages over reverse osmosis.The low-cost purification can be realized by using membrane distillation and solar energy efficient evaporation technology to treat highly-mineralized mine water in western mining areas.The microbial desalting fuel cell diffuses and transfers the ions in the desalting chamber without any pressure or driving fluid and generates electric energy as well.NF＋SWRO/DTRO combined with bipolar membrane synthesis process converts sodium sulfate of crystalline salt into high value-added sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid,which can partially offset the cost of water treatment,and is a new way to realize energy-saving desalination.