巴基斯坦俾路支部落分离主义探析

An Analysis on the Baloch Tribal Separatism in Pakistan

本文在介绍巴基斯坦俾路支部落的基础上,对部落结构的三个突出特点,即部落首领(萨达尔)居于核心地位、部落民与部落之间存在强烈的人身依附关系,以及部落民婚姻交往呈现一定的排外性,进行了分析。这些特点使得俾路支部落保持着一种封闭状态。英国殖民主义时期和巴基斯坦建国后部落自治政策的长期施行,进一步强化了部落的封闭性,从而对俾路支部落分离主义的兴起产生了深刻影响。这种影响包括:自成体系的环境长期存在,强化了部落成员业已形成的民族认同;保守的部落传统影响着部落成员的行为规范;萨达尔不愿意改变现有权力体系,强力抵触中央改革;部落民对部落领袖的信任与服从,以及与部落之间的经济依附关系,为萨达尔维护私利的行为提供了重要基础。

Based on a basic introduction of tlhe Baloch tribes in Pakistan, this paper has analyzed the three prominent characters of the Baloch tribal structure, including the outstanding leadership of tribal leaders called Sardars, strong personal attachment of the ordinary members to tribes, and exclusive arrangement of tribal marriages. These characters have kept the Baloch tribes in a closed state. The long-term implementation of the tribal autonomous policies by British colonialists and Pakistan federal government has further strengthened the closeness of the Baloeh tribes, thus making profound impacts on the rise of the Baloch separatism. The effects included： the long existing self-contained environment has enhanced the established ethnic identity of the tribal members; the conservative tribal traditions have deeply influenced the behaviors of the tribal members; Sardars do not want to change the existing power system and made strong resistances against the reforms launched by the central government; and the strong thought of collectivism from the tribal members, and their economic dependence on tribes have provided the foundation for the selfish behaviors of Sardars.