对产能过剩若干理论问题的再认识

Re-understanding of Some Theoretical Problems of Overcapacity

文章对产能过剩研究中存在争议、尚未涉及以及回答不明的问题逐一予以回答,认为：设备生产能力利用率是衡量产能过剩最具有核算基础的指标;国家统计局推算的产能利用率存在明显的局限性;测度的产能利用率不宜直接作为淘汰落后产能的依据;化解过剩产能应归位于市场和法律;轻工业产能过剩问题需引起政府的高度关注;建立退出机制有利于防范政策供给过度引发的产能过剩;全要生产率是影响产能过剩内生因素;理顺创新动力集聚、创新要素配置及创新成果转化机制是提高全要素生产率的关键。

This article addresses the issues that are controverlsial,unrecognized and unclear in the current study of overcapacity as follows：the capacity utilization rate of equipment production is an index with the most accounting base to evaluate the overcapacity;Apparent limitations exist in the capacity utilization rate calculated by Chinese National Bureau of Statistics;the measured capacity utilization rate is not suitable to be directly used as the standard to eliminate backward production capacity;the way to solve the overcapacity should rely on the market and the laws;A high attention should be paid to the overcapacity of light industry by the government;The establishment of the exit mechanism is conducive to preventing the overcapacity induced by the policy beassociated excessive supply;The total productivity is an endogenous factor affecting the overcapacity;The rationalization of the innovative dynamics accumulation,the innovative factior allocation and the innovative result transformation are the key factors to improve the total productivity.