速度与加速度检波器地震资料响应特征分析及应用

Analysis and application of velocity and acceleration geophone's seismic response characteristic

地震勘探市场检波器种类繁多,根据其测量振动的位移、速度、加速度可分为位移型检波器、速度型检波器和加速度型检波器,目前应能广泛的是速度型检波器和加速度型检波器.不同类型的检波器具有不同的地震资料响应,而产生不同品质的地震资料.本文在理论上通过速度检波器和加速度检波器机电转化原理不同,跟踪不同物理量说明了两种信号之间的关系;通过实际地震资料数据和检波器敲击信号数据对比分析了速度信号和加速度信号在相位、能量、频率、信噪比、波形等方面的特点,厘清了两类检波接收信号的地震响应特征.对比分析了两类检波器地震剖面的差异,得出了加速度地震信号能够提高地震资料的分辨率,提高层间弱反射信息的成像能力.为正确地选择和使用不同类型的检波器提供了依据.

There are many different kinds of seismic geophones in geophysical market,according to the measurement of displacement,velocity and acceleration of vibration,geophones can be classified into displacement geophone, speed geophone and acceleration geophone. Nowadays the most widely used geophones are velocity geophone and acceleration geophone. Different types of geophones have different seismic data response and different qualities of seismic data. In this paper,the relationship between the two kinds of signals is explained by the differences of the electromechanical transformation principle of the velocity detector and the acceleration detector. By the contrast analysis of the real seismic data gained by the detectors in phase,energy,frequency,SNR and waveform,we have recognized the corresponding seismic characteristics of the two kinds of detections. This paper analyzed the differences of the seismic sections acquired by the two kinds of geophones, and obtained that the seismic data can be improved by acceleration seismic signal, and the imaging capability of weak reflection information can be improved. It provides a basis for selecting and using different types of geophones.