煤矿采空区地球物理探测应用综述

Review the applications of geophysical methods for mapping coal-mine voids

地下煤层开采后会形成大面积采空区,煤矿采空区的沉降或塌陷对地面各种大型工程建设和环境造成了重大的影响.许多地区煤层开采背景不清和地质环境复杂,对煤矿采空区有效探测被认为是一个世界难题.本文分析了采空区及上覆岩层的地球物理特征,介绍了近年来应用于煤矿采空区探测的地震法、瞬变电磁法、高密度电法、微动法、放射性法和探地雷达法等地球物理方法的发展概况.弹性波类方法可以探测采空区及围岩破碎带分布范围,电磁类方法可以探测采空区含水性.针对特定的地质环境,一方面需要确定不同地球物理方法的有效性,一方面需要采取综合地球物理方法进行探测,以提高识别采空区的准确性.

Coal mined-out area,formed in mine production,usually cause a certain degree of ground subsidence and collapse. In many areas,the background information of coal seam mining is not clear and the geological environment is complex,so the effective detection for coal mining subsidence areas is generally considered as an international problem. In this paper,the geophysical characteristics of mine voids and overburden strata are analyzed. Geophysical methods such as seismic, transient electromagnetic, high density resistivity method,microtremor,radioactive and ground penetrating radar are introduced. The elastic wave method can determine the crushing range of the surrounding rock,and the electromagnetic method is effective for detecting the water content in mined out area. For the specific geological environment,it is not only essential to determine the effectiveness of different geophysical methods on detection targets, but also is necessary to take comprehensive geophysical methods to improve the reliability of geophysical exploration.