津巴布韦首都地区城镇化特征和问题探讨

Study on Characteristics of Urbanization Issues in the Capital Region of Zimbabwe

研究概括了津巴布韦在南部非洲国家的特殊性,描述并分析了国家独立以后的人口发展与城镇化进程,是与政治、经济发展形势关系密切的过程。通过对全国城镇化地区、城市人口及就业分布情况、城市空间结构等方面的分析,研究认为首都地区在国家城镇化中发挥核心作用,在都市区范围吸引人口和就业聚集。研究指出,尽管国家总体发展水平停滞不前,但城镇化方面的问题正在累积和显现。城市单中心蔓延、中心区衰退、中低收入住房短缺以及基础设施瓶颈等,极大阻碍了城市可持续发展。有限的政府应对措施将导致城镇化质量的进一步下降。本文以哈拉雷新城规划建议项目为契机开展研究(1),希望对于撒哈拉以南非洲地区的当代城镇化研究有一定参考意义。

This study outlines the particularity of Zimbabwe in subSaharan African countries, describes the correspondence between population growth and urbanization process and the political and economic development after independence. Through the analysis of major urbanization areas, urban population and employment distribution, and urban spatial structure, the study finds out the capital region plays an essential role in national urbanization process and attracts population and employment in the metropolitan area. The study points out that despite of the overall level of development stagnation of the country, the problems of urbanization are accumulating and emerging. The single center urban sprawl, the recession of central districts, the shortage of lowand middle-income housing, and infrastructure deficiency have greatly hindered the sustainable development of the region. Limited government response will lead to further decline in the quality of urbanization. This paper takes Harare New City Project as an opportunity to carry out research and hopes to provide some reference for contemporary urbanization research in sub-Saharan Africa.