德国空间规划体系战略环评的联动机制及对中国的启示

Application of Tiering Assessment in German Spatial Planning and Its Enlightenment on Chinese SEA System

联动是指在时空、内容和程序方面存在一定交叉和重复的不同部门、不同类型的决策,对其实施环境评价时,可以根据决策的属性与特点,界定不同决策评价的重点和范围,并借助环境信息和数据的共享、部门咨询和协调,保证重大资源、环境与生态问题在不同的决策层次可以得到合理有度的评价。本文从德国空间规划体系战略环境评价的联动机制入手,分别对战略环评联动的法律界定、目的、实施、类型进行分析,指出德国空间规划战略环评的联动机制主要表现为:依靠法律和制度规定,强化联动实施;通过部门合作,保障联动落实;遵循多方位交流,倡导双向性和对流性联动。我国在实施评价联动时需清楚界定其概念和作用、核查现有评价工具、拓宽当前联动的应用范围、强化法律界定和提倡信息交流和部门合作、鼓励推进联动的实验性研究以积累相关经验。

As a major driving force for the development of strategic environmental assessment, tiering has been regarded as one of factors which can influence the implementation of strategic environmental assessment. Through the analysis of spatial planning system and the current related environmental assessment tools in Germany, this article identifies some findings with regards to the implementation of tieing as follows： relying on legal requirements to strengthen the tiering implementation; safeguarding the implementation of tiering with the help of authority involvement and cooperation; ensuring early implementation in key steps; and promoting two – ways tiering by following multi-faceted communications. Some suggestions for Chinese SEA are listed as follows： clearly defining the concept and role of tiering; inventorying current environmental-related assessment tools and broadening the scope of tiering application; providing related systems and measures to guarantee the implementation of tieing; last but not least, promoting and encouraging pilot studies to gain experience.