2005-2016年深圳市南山区肺结核流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Nanshan district of Shenzhen, 2005–2016

目的了解深圳市南山区2005—2016年肺结核的流行特征。方法以深圳市南山区2005—2016年常住人口为研究对象,对12年间肺结核发病的三间分布采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,SPSS 13.0软件用于分析报告发病率,率的比较采用χ~2检验。结果肺结核年均报告发病率85.72/10万;男性和女性肺结核年均报告发病率分别为101.19/10万和67.57/10万,男性高于女性(χ~2=423.111,P=0.000);患者以青壮年为主,45岁以上发病有升高趋势;职业分布以工人、家务及待业、干部职员居多,且工人发病呈下降趋势,干部职员呈上升趋势;南山区的肺结核疫情有明显的季节性,12年间肺结核报告发病数较多的月份集中在3—5月、9月。结论通过采取多种防控措施,2005—2016年南山区肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势,2016年降至52.86/10万,肺结核疫情得到有效控制。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis（TB） in Nanshan district of Shenzhen from 2005 to 2016. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the distribution of TB in local residents in Nanshan district during this period. The reported incidence rate of TB was analyzed by using software SPSS13.0 and the incidence rate was compared with χ^2 test. Results The annual average reported incidence rate of TB was85.72/100 000 in Nanshan district during this period. The annual average reported incidence rate of TB was 101.19/100 000 in males and 67.57/100 000 in females（χ^2=423.111, P=0.000）. Patients were mainly young adults, and the incidence showed an increase in those aged 45 years. The TB cases were mainly distributed in workers, the jobless/unemployed and staff. The incidence in workers was in decline, but the incidence in staff was in increase. The seasonality of TB epidemic was obvious,the annual cases were mainly reported during March-May and in September. Conclusion After taking a variety of prevention and control measures, the reported incidence rate of TB showed a decline trend in Nanshan district from 2005 to2016, and it declined to 52.86/100 000 in 2016. The TB epidemic was effectively controlled.