植物氮素利用效率的研究进展

Research progress in nitrogen use efficiency in plants

植物的氮素利用受个体遗传、基因调控、基因间相互作用以及信号分子调节等影响,一直是科学探索的热点和重点。近年来,随着基因工程和基因编辑技术的发展,对提高植物氮素利用效率(NUE)的研究也由传统的针对植物本身转到基因工程方向。本文总结了植物氮素利用代谢过程以及利用基因工程技术提高植物NUE的最新成果,着重介绍了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)在维持碳氮代谢平衡和促进氮素利用中的作用,并对今后的研究提出展望,以期为提高作物氮素利用的研究提供新思路。

Nitrogen nutrition is a complex process in plants and affected by individual inheritance, gene regulation, interaction between genes and signal molecular regulation, etc. In recent years, with the development of genetic engineering and gene editing technology, research approaches of how to improve plant nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） have transferred from focusing on plants＇ characteristic traditionally to using genetic engineering technology. This review summarizes the process of nitrogen utilization and metaboism in plants, and the latest advances in improving NUE by genetic engineering technology, especially the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase（PEPC） in balancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism and improving NUE in plants. We hope to provide some new views on improving NUE in plants and make a prospect of future research direction.