含腮腺炎成分疫苗在1起学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情中的保护效果

Effectiveness of mumps vaccine in a school-based mumps outbreak

目的了解含腮腺炎成分疫苗（Mumps containing vaccine, MuCV）在2017年四川省1起学校流行性腮腺炎（流腮）暴发疫情中的保护效果（Vaccine effectiveness,VE）。方法选取四川省发生流腮暴发疫情的1所学校的学生为研究对象,采用回顾性队列研究收集流腮发病和MuCV接种情况,评估VE。结果共537名学生纳入研究,流腮总罹患率为13.41%（72/537）,MuCV接种组、未接种组罹患率分别为9.67%（41/424）、27.43%（31/113）（χ~2=24.25,P〈0.05）。接种MuCV的总VE为65.75%（95%CI：46.47%-76.79%）;接种1剂次、2剂次的VE分别为62.61%（95%CI：40.68%-76.44%）、68.62%（95%CI：42.82%-82.78%）;接种后≤3年、4-5年、≥6年的VE分别为79.75%（95%CI：0.00%-97.06%）、64.72%（95%CI：29.70%-82.30%）、59.50%（95%CI：31.27%-76.13%）。结论 MuCV的VE随接种后时间增加而下降。

Objective To determine the vaccine effectiveness（VE） of mumps containing vaccine（MuCV） in a mumps outbreak in a school in Sichuan province in 2017. Methods We selected students during a mumps outbreak and conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine mumps incidence, MuCV vaccination status, and MuCV effectiveness. Results Among the 537 enrolled students, the mumps attack rate was 13.41%（72/537）. The attack rate was 9.67%（41/424） among students who had received MuCV and was 27.43%（31/113） among students who had not received MuCV（χ~2=24.25, P〈0.05）. The overall MuCV effectiveness was 65.75%（95%CI： 46.47%-76.79%）. VE was 62.61%（95%CI： 40.68%-76.44%） among students who had received one dose of MuCV, and was 68.62%（95%CI： 42.82%-82.78%） among those who received two doses. VE estimates for ≤3, 4-5, and ≥6 years since MuCV vaccination were 79.75%（95%CI： 0.00%-97.06%）, 64.72%（95%CI： 29.70%-82.30%）, and 59.50%（95%CI： 31.27%-76.13%）, respectively. ConclusionsMuCV effectiveness decreased with increasing time since vaccination.