中国预防接种单位和人员现况分析

Status of immunization units and staff in China

目的了解全国预防接种单位和人员现况。方法通过中国免疫规划信息管理系统收集截至2017年6月的全国预防接种单位和人员信息,进行描述性分析。结果全国预防接种相关单位共计157 076个,其中接种单位、接种与报告单位、报告单位分别占68.36%、30.81%、0.84%。在接种单位（包括接种与报告单位）中,村级、乡级分别占58.01%、41.99%;城镇接种单位、乡接种门诊、村级接种点、产科接种单位、第二类疫苗接种门诊、临时预防接种点分别占8.56%、24.15%、58.01%、7.91%、1.32%、0.05%。全国预防接种相关人员共计352 869人,其中接种人员、接种与报告人员、报告人员分别占76.14%、18.12%、5.74%;六类接种单位的接种人员分别占14.98%、32.83%、32.45%、17.22%、2.46%、0.06%。乡级、村级平均每个常规免疫接种单位的接种人员数分别为3.12人、1.19人,平均每万服务人口的接种人员数分别为1.32人、6.29人。结论全国村级接种点规模显著减少,接种模式逐渐趋于乡级集中接种。

Objective To determine the status of immunization units and staff in China. Methods We used the National Immunization Program Information Management System（NIPIMS） to obtain information on immunization units and staff in China in June 2017 for descriptive analysis. Results A total of 157 076 immunization-related units were reported, with 68.36%, 30.81%, and 0.84% of units being vaccination units, vaccination reporting units, and reporting-only units, respectively. Among vaccination units and vaccination reporting units, village-level and township-level units accounted for 58.01% and 41.99%, respectively; urban immunization units, township immunization clinics, village vaccination points, obstetric vaccination units, category Ⅱ vaccination clinics, and temporary vaccination points accounted for 8.56%, 24.15%, 58.01%, 7.91%, 1.32%, and 0.05%, respectively. A total of 352 869 immunization staff were reported to NIPIMS, with 76.14%, 18.12%, and 5.74% being vaccination staff, vaccination reporting staff, and reporting staff, respectively. Staff in these six types of units accounted for 14.98%, 32.83%, 32.45%, 17.22%, 2.46%, and 0.06% of total staff, respectively. The average number of vaccination staff at township and village level were 3.12 and 1.19 per routine vaccination unit, respectively, or 1.32 and 6.29 per 10 000 population in the service area, respectively. Conclusions The number of village vaccination points significantly decreased in China; immunization service models tend to be township-level vaccination units.