β-伴大豆球蛋白对幼鲤生长、血清生化及免疫指标的影响

Growth and serum biochemical and immunological responses of juvenile carp(Cyprinus carpiohaematopterus) to increasing dietary concentrations of β-conglycinin

为研究β-伴大豆球蛋白对幼鲤生长、血清生化及免疫指标的影响,试验以初始体重为(48.37±0.03)g幼鲤为试验对象,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每重复30尾,分别饲喂用0(对照组)、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%、10.0%和12.5%的β-伴大豆球蛋白替代鱼粉配制的6组等氮(38.0%粗蛋白质)等能(15.21 MJ/kg)饲料,为期8周。当β-伴大豆球蛋白添加量为5.0%时,其增重率和蛋白质效率分别显著低于对照组14.67%、13.09%,而饲料系数显著高于对照组14.49%(P <0.05),添加2.5%～10.0%各组肥满度与对照组差异不显著(P> 0.05)。当β-伴大豆球蛋白添加量为2.5%～10.0%时,各组幼鲤血清甘油三酯、尿素氮、总胆固醇含量与对照组差异不显著(P> 0.05),但12.5%组分别显著高于对照组27.36%、29.51%、9.05%(P <0.05);添加10.0%和12.5%组比对照组幼鲤血清谷草转氨酶分别显著升高8.12%、10.05%,谷丙转氨酶分别显著升高9.61%、14.98%;但总蛋白分别显著降低12.22%、13.52%(P <0.05);对比对照组,添加5.0%和7.5%组血清血糖分别显著升高27.89%、23.22%,白蛋白分别显著降低16.35%、11.66%(P <0.05),其他添加量与对照组差异不显著(但添加12.5%组白蛋白显著低于对照组)(P> 0.05)。添加5.0%及更多β-伴大豆球蛋白组血清免疫球蛋白分别显著升高33.14%、70.41%、78.70%、58.58%,而添加5.0%组血清中溶菌酶、白介素-1α分别显著高于对照组4.83%、10.93%(P <0.05);对比对照组,血清补体C3在添加量为5.0%和7.5%组分别显著升高20.84%、14.08%,12.5%组显著降低1.59%(P <0.05),而2.5%和10.0%组差异不显著(P> 0.05);碱性磷酸酶活性在5.0%～10.0%组分别显著高于对照组40.48%、37.73%、27.30%(P <0.05),其他组与对照组差异不显著(P> 0.05)。饲料中添加2.5%的β-伴大豆球蛋白不影响幼鲤增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of β-conglycinin on the growth,serum biochemistry and immune parameters of juvenile carp.A total of 540 juveniles trap with body weight of （48.37±0.03） g were fed with diets containing 0.0% ,2.5% ,5.0% ,7.5% ,10.0% and 12.5% 6-conglycinin instead of fish meal with equal protein （crude protein 38.0%） and energy （total energy 15.21 MJ/kg）.Each feed type had 3 replicates with 30 juveniles trap each.After 8 weeks,the growth and feed utilization were calculated and the effect on serum biochemical indices and immunological function were studied by biological methods.The results showed that the weight gain ratio （WGR） and protein efficiency ratio （PER） of juvenile 0.05）,and the feed conversion ratio （FCR） was significantly higher by 14.49%.Condition factor （CF） was higher in 2.5% 10.0% added groups than the control group （P 〉 0.05）. The serum triglyceride,urea nitrogen and total cholesterol did not increased significantly in 2.5% - 10.0% groups compared with the control group （P 〉 0.05）,and those were significantly higher in 12.5% group by 27.36% ,29.51% and 9.05%（P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the control group, the content of serum aspartate in juvenile common carp increased by 8.12%, 10.05% and alanine aminotransferase increased by 9.61% and 14.98% respectively, but the total protein decreased by 12.22% and 13.52% respectively （P 〈 0.05）;Compared with the control group,serum glucose increased significantly by 27.89%,23.22% and 16.35%, 11.66% （P 〈 0.05） respectively,while no significant difference compared with the control group （However, 12.5% albumin was significantly lower than the control group） （P 〉 0.05）.With the addition of 5.0% and more ^-conglycinin, serum immunoglobulins increased significantly by 33.14% ,70.41% ,78.70% and 58.58% ,respectively,while serum lysozyme, interleukin-lc~ significantly that of the control group by 4.83% and 10.93% （P 〈 0.05）.Compared with the control group, serum complement C3 increased significantly by 20.84% and 14.08% in the groups of 5.0% and 7.5%, and decreased significantly by 1.59% （P 〈 0.05） in 12.5% and 2.5%,and 10.0% groups have no significat difference （P 〉 0.05）.Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in the groups of 5.0% - 10.0% were significantly higher than that of the control group by 40.48% ,37.73% ,27.30% （P 〈 0.05）,while the other groups were not significantly different from the control group （P 〉 0.05）.The optimum level of dietary ^- conglycinin for juvenile carp should not be more than 2.5%.